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Alexandor Sanchez Mira Costa
Respiratory/Cardiovascular/Lymp/Urinary
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/28/2008

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Cards

Term
functions of the respiratory system
Definition
providing an area for gas exchange 2. moving air to and from the exchange surface. 3. Protecting respiratory surfaces. 4. Defending the respiratory system tissues from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms 5. producing sounds involved in speaking singing and noverbal communication. 6. assiting in the regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, and the control of the body fluid pH.
Term
Brething,
Definition
2types.. eupnea(normal breathing), hyperpnea(forced breathing)
Term
Eupnea
Definition
normal breathing
2 types, Diaphragmatic breething
Costal breathing
Term
respiratory centers Lower
Definition
Pons, medulla oblongata, Respiratory rythmic centers. These are lower centers
Term
Respiratory centers Higher
Definition
Cerebrum, hypothalamus
Term
Reflexes involved in respiration
Definition
1) Mechanoreceptor-response to Changes in size and pressure
2) Chemoreceptor Sense pH, pO2 and pCO2
3) Protective- Response to Injury--irritaion
Term
Effects of Aging
Definition
Loss of elasticity and ability to inflate and deflate easily----Arthirtic changes in rib cage----Emphysema to some degree
Term
Blood intro
Definition
5-6 ltrs in man.....4-5 ltrs in woman...Hypovolemic=low....Normovolemic=normal..
..Hypervolemic=high..
Alkaline, 100.4F
Term
Functions of the blood
Definition
Transport of dissolved gases, nutrients hormones and gases....Transport metabolic waste..Deliver Enzymes and hormones....Stabilize pH and metabolic range....Defense...Prevent Fluid loss...Stabilize body temperature..
Term
Composition of the blood
Definition
Plamsa--water---Electrolytes----nutrients---Organice wates---Proteins(albumins, globulins, fibrinogen) Formed Elements---RBC's WBC's Platelets.....
Term
Composition of the blood (formed elements)
Definition
RBC's WBC's Platelets
Granulocytes..Neutrophils..Eosionphils..Basophils...
Aganulocytes...Monocytes..Lymphocytes..

Platelets
Term
Hemoglobin/Blood types
Definition
95% RBC proteins, Red pigment, Oxygen carrier, 25% CO2, Type A, Type B, Type AB, No-antibodies Type O Anti-A Anti-B antibodies
Term
Hemopoiesis
Definition
Hemocytoblast (AyB)--stem cell
A) Myeloid--Progenitor Cells---Process (1) Erythopoiesis-RBC formation (2) Megakaryocytes--Platelets............
B) Lymphoid...Progenitor Cells..Process..Leukopoiesis---WBC formation
Term
Cardiovascular system(Intro)
Definition
is a closed system the circulates blood.
2-groups of blood vessels,one supplies the lungs, other supplies the rest of the body,,
Term
Types of Arteries
Definition
Elastic arteries, largest conductiong arteries, muscular arteriesarterioles , local blood flow...
Term
Types of Veins
Definition
Venules..the smallest veins collect blood from capillaries...Medium-sized.....Large veins,include great veins, SVC, IVC.
Term
Cardiovasuclar (intro)
Definition
1)blood must stay in motion to maitain homeostasis
2)the heart keeps blood moving....
3) Volume pumed=5-30 ltrs....
Term
Coronary Circulation(list)
Definition
Right coronary artery..
Atrial branches..
Ventricular branches..
Left coronary artery...
Great cardiac vein..
Term
Right coronary artery
Definition
supplies right atrium
Term
atrial branches.
Definition
supply right atrium
Term
ventricular branches
Definition
marginal branch. posterior interventricular branch. branches to conduction system.
Term
Left coronary artery
Definition
branches to circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular branch
Term
Great cardiac vein
Definition
empties into coronary sinus in right atruim through posterior cardiac vein, middle, and small cardiac vein
Term
Cardiac cycles
Definition
START
Atrial systole begins, ..atrial systole ends...Ventricular systole 1st phase...Ventricular systole 2nd phase...Ventricular diastole-early...Ventricular diastole--late
Term
lymphatic system is composed of
Definition
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph
Lymphoid tissues
Lymphoid organs
Term
Lymph consists of
Definition
Interstitial fluid, which resembles blood plasma, but with a lower concentration of proteins.

Lymphocytes, cells responsible for the immune response.

Macrophages of various types.
Term
The primary functions of the lymphatic system are to:
Definition
Produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes. .........

Maintain normal blood volume and eliminate local variations in the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid..........

Provide an alternative route for the transport of hormones, nutrients, and waste products.
Term
Two sets of lymphatic vessels:
Definition
Superficial lymphatics travel with superficial veins.....Deep lymphatics are large lymphatic vessels that accompany the deep arteries and veins.
Term
Deep lymphatics fcns.
Definition
They collect lymph from skeletal muscles and other organs of the neck, limbs, and trunk, as well as visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Term
Superficial lymphatics
Definition
The subcutaneous layer next to the skin.
The loose connective tissues of the mucous membranes.
The loose connective tissues of the serous membranes.
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
Primary cells of the lymphatic system, and they are responsible for specific immunity.....

They respond to the presence of:
Invading organisms, such as bacteria and viruses.........
Abnormal body cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells.
Foreign proteins, such as the toxins released by some bacteria.....
Term
The Thymus
Definition
Lies above heart....
Involutes with age....
Divided into lobes, subdivided by septa into
lobules....
cortex and medulla
Blood – thymus barrier – protects maturing cells from immune attack.....
Reticular cells (Hassall’s corpuscles) – produce thymic hormones
Term
Aging and the Lymphatic System
Definition
Becomes less effective at combating disease. .........

T cells become less responsive to antigens.........
The number of helper T cells is reduced.
B cells are less responsive..........
Antibody levels do not rise as quickly after antigen exposure. ........

Increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection. .......
Term
The Urinary System
Functions
Definition
1 Regulates ions.....

2 Regulates blood volume and blood pressure

3 Contributes to the stabilization of blood pH

4 Conserves valuable nutrients

5 Eliminates organic waste products

6 Synthesizes calcitriol

7 Assists the liver in detoxifying poisons
Term
Lymph flow Right quadrants
Definition
Tissue (lymph from interstitial fluid)--lymphatic capilaries

---> lymphatic vessesl--> lymph nodes--> lymphatic vessels-->(the lymph may enter a series of lymph nodes before continuing)---> right upper half body--->


R lymphatic duct---> R subclavian veing--->heart
Term
Lymph flow from left quadrant
Definition
lower limbs and left upper half body----> Cysterni chyli--->Thoracic duct---> L lymphatic duct--->L subclavian Vein---Heart
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