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| "Only he is absolute sovereign, who after God, acknowledges no one greater than himself." |
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| "the sovereign lawfully demands the unqualified obedience of his subjects, who have no right to revolution, even against tyranny." |
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| "the ruler acted as the agent of God (the divine right of kings)" |
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the Absolute Monarch of Europe
the epitomy of absolutism in Europe |
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| Lord Protector of commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Wales |
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| Established the first constitutional monarchy in a major European Country |
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| Believed in a social contract between people and the government. |
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| Believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves. People are born free and equal, with natural rights. |
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| Leading thinkers of the enlightenment |
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| Sharp tongue- Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech |
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| Spirit of the Laws Separation of Powers (Checks and Balances) |
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| Committed to individual freedom. The Social contract: A contract between society and its government. |
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| Believe there is a supreme being... but hands off... God doesn't interfere |
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| doubt the existence of God |
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1. Unrealistic and Inequitable class system
2. Incompetent and indecisive monarch
3. Irresponsible and inefficient administrative system
4.No true representative assembly
5. Chaotic legal system
6. Inequitable and inefficient tax system
7. Immediate cause of the French revolution- bank goes bankrupt |
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| Causes of the French Revolution |
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| Immediate cause of the French Revolution |
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| What type of people were involved in the First Estate? |
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| What type of people were involved in the Second Estate? |
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middle class
shop keepers and merchants
city poor people
peasants |
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| What type of people were involved in the third estate? |
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