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afr 317d quiz 1
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56
History
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2013

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Term
Culture of Dissemblance
Definition
A strategy of masking their sexuality and creating an asexual exterior. This happened because of the way that black women were treated during slavery ( rape, sexual assault, etc.) Protects their sanctity and inner aspects of their lives.
Term
Politics of Respectability
Definition
A form of resistance adopted by blacks to the negative stigmas and caricatures about their morality. A way to redefine ourselves outside of the prevailing racial discourses.
Term
What was the early dilemma that scholars like Evelyn Brooks and Higginbotham called attention to ?
Definition
The fact that women and their struggles were overlooked in history.
Term
what is the "taboo" in terms of things that most scholars avoid when writing about blacks?
Definition
The division in the household between black men and black women.
Term
What are the three lingering issues that need further exploration according to Michelle Mitchell ?
Definition
Power dynamics between black men and women, sexual identitites, and more comparative work/research .
Term
Indentured Servitude
Definition
Indentured servitude was a form of debt bondage, established in the early years of the American colonies. Farmers, planters, and shopkeepers in the colonies found it very difficult to hire free workers, primarily because it was so easy for potential workers to set up their own farms. During the indenture period the servants were not paid wages, but were provided with food, accommodation, clothing and training. The indenture document specified how many years the servant would be required to work, after which they would be free.
Term
What type of labor did men and women perform ?
Definition
Agriculture, domestic, textile industry, weaving , and cotton. Men were also becoming skilled workers as well.
Term
Virginia Law of 1662
Definition
Virginia enacts a law of hereditary slavery meaning that a child born to an enslaved mother inherits her slave status. This led to the want/need to impregnate more black women just so they can have more slave children.
Term
How do enslaved men and women try to preserve familial bonds ?
Definition
Black people built bonds with people that were not even related to , but still treated them as if they were family. Slaves also went to visit other plantations to see their family.
Term
What avenues did black people have for obtaining freedom? How did they live while the system of racial slavery persisted ?
Definition
They bought themselves out of slavery and had to work for the money earned. they also kept their culture values through song, music dance. On Sundays they didn't have to work , and they meet with other enslaved people and dance and sing together.
Term
What are the 3 characteristics that they believe define black women's history in the u.s. ?
Definition
Accomplishment, Cultural Expression , and resistance to oppression .
Term
What do we learn about the plight of black women and girls ?
Definition
The younger girls who were pretty were kept to be sold for greater profit later, because they knew they would grow up to be fine , and men would want to pay a lot for them because of their sexual attraction.
Term
What are the two forms of labor ? How do they differ ?
Definition
Task and Gang labor. Task labor is how fast they could get it done ( 105 sq. feet normally ) . Gang labor divided groups on the ability to complete a particular job.
Term
Who was John Punch ? & why was his verdict so significant ?
Definition
The first enslaved black man in 1644.
All 3 decided to escape together, but was caught and punished but they only made the black man ( John Punch) a serving enslavement for life. Then other slave-owners wanted to seek this punishment for their slaves. This set up the foundation for race-based slavery . This has race-based implications.
Term
What is the 1693 Presentment ?
Definition
It represents a consolidation of slave owners powers. Limits their mobility , and gives anyone the power to commit the blacks to jail if they caught them late at night. Public punishments sent messages to the public, society, and blacks.
Term
The 1700 Act
Definition
Created seperate negro courts , and their cases were expedited just so that they could go back and work in the fields. They sent all blacks to these courts regardless if they were a slave or not. They could not have any lawyers ,and could not testify against whites.
Term
What was significant about all of the acts between 1700-1706 ?
Definition
All of these acts kept creating lines between black slaves and white indentured servants . They used this to kind of treat what it means to be black and what it means to be a slave as interchangeable.
Term
What were the 1705-1706 rape laws ?
Definition
The 1705 law was the law about the punishemnet of black men and white men . White men would be whipped and imprisoned for 7 years of they raped a white woman, and black men were killed if they raped a white woman . It attempted rape black men would be castrated , and the white man would be whipped and branded. This is important because it shows how they valued a white woman over a black woman.
Term
what was the 1682 act to protect servants ? ( in which didn't apply to blacks at all 0
Definition
white women had to be in "good moral standing" to even have their case for rape heard.
Term
What did the acts of 1725- 1726 ?
Definition
Aimed at free blacks ; preamble associates all blacks w/ crime ; prohibitd interracial marriage ; hires out children of free blacks.
Term
How did pregancy impact women's ability to work ? what were the risks?
Definition
ginning was bad for them and could cause hernias and cause them to miscarriage. they couldn't work as hard when they were pregnant.
Term
How much cotton were workers expected to pick ?
Definition
100-150 sq. ft
Term
What kinds of labor abuses did the slaves suffer at the hands of overseers ?
Definition
The overseers would be overworking the slaves.
Term
How does the American Revolution imapct the black cause for freedom ?
Definition
It gave blacks the opportunity to fight for their freedom.
Term
Who was Ellen Kraft ?
Definition
she was the black woman who passed as a white man and acted as a master to purchase her husband.
Term
Who was Venture Smith ?
Definition
The black man that purchased slaves before his wife's and daughter's freedom .
Term
What was the PA Gradual Abolition Act of 1780 ?
Definition
It was gradual emacipation , and if you were born after this act , you would be indentured until age 24 for women , and age 28 for men .
Term
What is Manumission ?
Definition
being freed voluntarily by your owner.
Term
what date was the last person freed after the Gradual Act ?
Definition
1847
Term
How long did the "gradual emacipation" took about ?
Definition
60 years
Term
What were freed black women being criticized for ?
Definition
Acting too "uppity" and "acting white". How dare you be classy like you white people?
Term
What was the Stono Rebellion ?
Definition
blacks stole guns ,and killed whites, bombed their homes and assaulted them. But they were taken down by a white militia. This caused the whites to start cracking down on blacks.
Term
Who was Gabriel Prosser 1800 ?
Definition
He was a black slave who could read and was a blacksmith. He planned a rebellion , but the information for it got leaked and him and 25 followers were held captive and hanged in punishment. This led to state legislatures passing restrictions on free blacks to prohibit their education and assembly.
Term
Nat Turner & Cherry Turner ( 1861 )?
Definition
they organized to kill hundreds of whites . Nat felt like god called him to kill the whites. He was killed. But Cherry and the kids were tortured.
Term
How did abolitionists use the jezebel rhetoric to their advantage ?
Definition
they declared slave owners immoral for letting "Hoes" into their household.
Term
what were the three cities featured in chapter two of the Hine and Thompson book ?
Definition
New Orleans, Philadelphia, and Charleston.
Term
who was Rebecca Cox Jackson and how did gender impact what she believed was her calling ?
Definition
She was a female minister and wanted to spread the word. She traveled
Term
In what ways did the culture of Charleston differ from that of Philadelphia ?
Definition
In charleston there were so many blacks outnumbering the whites. Charleston was more plantation based.
Term
What was a "prime-rice hand" and how were they valued ?
Definition
they were 26 years old, young , and priced at $1,000 .
Term
What was the "Negro Act" ?
Definition
Made it illegal to buy any goods from slaves. The white people wanted to re-gain control.
Term
What was the racial composition of new orleans ?
Definition
Senegambians people, mullatoes , alot of intermixing
Term
Define placage
Definition
unofficial marriage ; began when the female was between 12 and 15 years old.
Term
Who was Marie laveau ?
Definition
A wealthy , voddo queen , eevryone looked up to her, she was an enetreprenuer too. 1/4th black.
Term
How did whites try to justify their treatment of black women ?
Definition
they tried to say they were helping them out , by "showing them how to be mothers, cook, clean, act, etc. " .
Term
What are the main forms of resistance thatenslaved women especially employed ?
Definition
Fighting back , reading/writing (spreading that knowledge ) .
Term
Margaret Garner
Definition
killed her own daughter rather than allowing her child to be returned to slavery.
Term
Fugitive Slave Law ( 1793 & 1850 )
Definition
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory
Term
1842 , Supreme court, Priggs v. Pennsylvania
Definition
Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Federal Fugitive Slave Act precluded a Pennsylvania state law that gave procedural protections to suspected escaped slaves, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result.
Term
Harriet Tubamn 1849
Definition
She was 29 when she escaped, and she also helped to free her parents too. She led a march in the war . She had to petition just to be repaid for what she did. All they paid her was $20 a month til death through her ex-husband. She also served as a spy during the civil war.
Term
How did black women aid the war effort ?
Definition
they were nurses, spies, did laundry, used codes, and some were recruiters.
Term
What steps did blacks take to liberate themselves ?
Definition
many enlisted to serve in war efforts; slaves would rebel by not wanting to work, and some literally libertaed themselves.
Term
After the war , what were the 3 primary goals of both black men and women ? What 3 aims did black women specifically have ?
Definition
Make a living , reunite their families, and try to live and enjoy life as far from white oppression as possible. Black women 3 aims: Didn't wanna work at night, no supervision of white man, and wanted their womanhood to be respected.
Term
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Definition
Granted these residents popular sovereignty and the states got to decide whther they want to be slave states or not.
Term
Bleeding Kansas 1856
Definition
pro-slavery men burned down a free town in Kansas
Term
Dred-Scott Verdict 1857
Definition
The case was based on the fact that although he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, they had lived with his master Dr. John Emerson in states and territories where slavery was illegal according to both state laws and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, including Illinois and Minnesota (which was then part of the Wisconsin Territory).
Term
John Brown
Definition
white abolitionist who led the raid at harper's Ferry in 1859 .Harper's ferry was a raid that john brown used to initiate a slave uprising throughout . And he protested the anti-slavery convention in 1840 london for not seating women.
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