Term
| What are the accessory organs of the GI tract? |
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Definition
1. Liver
2. Pancreas
3. Extrahepatic biliary apparatus
4. Spleen |
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Term
| What are the 3 functions of the liver? |
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Definition
1. Energy storage
2. Secretes bile salts/digestive enymes
3. Excretes toxins/waste products |
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Term
| (T/F) Liver is the largest solid organ in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the lobes of the liver |
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Definition
1. Left lobe
2. Right lobe |
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Term
| What are the two lobules of the liver? Where are they found? |
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Definition
1. Quadrate lobe
2. Caudate lobe
- Between the left and right lobes of the liver |
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Term
| What is the porta hepatis? |
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Definition
| The hilus of the liver, where the caudate and quadrate lobes come together |
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Term
| What is the function of the PH? |
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Definition
| Allows vessels and innervation into and out of the liver |
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Term
| List the structures going through the hilus (5) |
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Definition
1. Portal vein - brings nutrient rich blood from the GI tract to the liver
2. Hepatic artery - brings oxygenated blood to the liver tissues
3. Vagus nerve/local sympathetics
4. Common hepatic duct
5. Round ligament |
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Term
| What is the function of the common hepatic duct? |
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Definition
| Delivers bile to the GI tract |
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Term
| (T/F) The liver is retroperitoneal |
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Definition
| False, it is interperitoneal |
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Term
| What is the bare area of the liver, and where is it located? |
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Definition
| The area not covered by visceral peritoneum; where the liver sitrs under the right dome of the ligament |
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Term
| What are the functions of the falciform ligament? |
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Definition
1. Connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall
2. Separates right and left lobes |
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Term
| List the prominent features of the anterior view of the liver (3) |
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Definition
| - R/L lobes, divided by falciform ligament - Gallbladder hanging just below right lobe - Ligamentum teres |
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Term
| What is the ligamentum teres? Where is it found? |
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Definition
| A round remnant of the umbilical vein; at the bottom, free border for the falciform ligament |
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Term
| List the prominent features of the superior view of the liver (2) |
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Definition
- IVC channel with caudate lobe on the left
- Bare area |
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Term
| List the prominent features of the inferior view of the liver |
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Definition
- L/R lobes separated by caudate and quardrate lobes
- Porta hepatis
- Gall bladder
- IVC groove |
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Term
| (T) The porta hepatis creates a horizontal cleft |
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Definition
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Term
| List the order of the vessels in the cleft, from left to right |
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Definition
(L): Hepatic artery
(C): Portal vein
(R): biliary apparatus (including gallbladder) |
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Term
| What vessels comprise the extrahepatic biliary apparatus? |
|
Definition
- Left hepatic duct
- Right hepatic duct
- Common hepatic duct
- Gall bladder
- Cystic duct
- Common bile duct |
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Term
| Describe the relationships/flow of these vessels |
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Definition
| L/R hepatic leave liver and form common hepatic. Cystic duct merges with the common hepatic to create the common bile duct. |
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Term
| What is the function of the cystic duct? |
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Definition
| The allow bile to be stored in the gallbladder when not being excreted |
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Term
| (T/F) The common bile duct pierces the pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the duct system after the common bile duct has breached the pancreas |
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Definition
| Common hepatic duct fuses with the main pancreatic duct, and then empties into the duodenum |
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Term
| What is the sphincter that controls the release of digestive enzymes into the duodenum |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| A muscular, pear shaped sac that functions to store and concentrate bile. |
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Term
| What are the 3 features of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The pancreas has only endocrine function |
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Definition
| False, it has both endocrine and exocrine function |
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Term
| (T/F) The pancreas is intraperitoneal |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 4 parts of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
1. Head
2. Uncinate process
3. Body
4. Tail |
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Term
| What portions of the pancreas are surrounded by the duodenum? |
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Definition
1. Head
2. Uncinate process |
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Term
| Describe the unicate process |
|
Definition
- U shaped
- Runs below the head, along the inferior limb of the duodenum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Runs from the head, across the great vessels towards the left sime |
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Term
|
Definition
| Body turns into tail, which then extends to the upper left abdomen where it abuts against the hilus of the spleen |
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Term
| List characteristics of the spleen |
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Definition
- Fist sized
- Upper left abdomen
- Lymphatic organ |
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Term
| What are the prominent features of the spleen? |
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Definition
- Convex outer surface with a notched outer border
- Concave inner surface facing right
- Hilus (on right side_ |
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Term
| (T/F) The spleen is retroperitoneal |
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Definition
| False, it is interperitoneal |
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Term
| What are the 4 structures entering/leaving the hilus? |
|
Definition
1. Splenic artery
2. Splenic vein
3. Lymphatic vessels
4. Nerves |
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