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Accessory Organs of the GI Tract
Accessory organs of the GI tract
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/19/2014

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Cards

Term
What are the accessory organs of the GI tract?
Definition
1. Liver
2. Pancreas
3. Extrahepatic biliary apparatus
4. Spleen
Term
What are the 3 functions of the liver?
Definition
1. Energy storage
2. Secretes bile salts/digestive enymes
3. Excretes toxins/waste products
Term
(T/F) Liver is the largest solid organ in the body
Definition
True
Term
Name the lobes of the liver
Definition
1. Left lobe
2. Right lobe
Term
What are the two lobules of the liver? Where are they found?
Definition
1. Quadrate lobe
2. Caudate lobe
- Between the left and right lobes of the liver
Term
What is the porta hepatis?
Definition
The hilus of the liver, where the caudate and quadrate lobes come together
Term
What is the function of the PH?
Definition
Allows vessels and innervation into and out of the liver
Term
List the structures going through the hilus (5)
Definition
1. Portal vein - brings nutrient rich blood from the GI tract to the liver
2. Hepatic artery - brings oxygenated blood to the liver tissues
3. Vagus nerve/local sympathetics
4. Common hepatic duct
5. Round ligament
Term
What is the function of the common hepatic duct?
Definition
Delivers bile to the GI tract
Term
(T/F) The liver is retroperitoneal
Definition
False, it is interperitoneal
Term
What is the bare area of the liver, and where is it located?
Definition
The area not covered by visceral peritoneum; where the liver sitrs under the right dome of the ligament
Term
What are the functions of the falciform ligament?
Definition
1. Connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall
2. Separates right and left lobes
Term
List the prominent features of the anterior view of the liver (3)
Definition
- R/L lobes, divided by falciform ligament - Gallbladder hanging just below right lobe - Ligamentum teres
Term
What is the ligamentum teres? Where is it found?
Definition
A round remnant of the umbilical vein; at the bottom, free border for the falciform ligament
Term
List the prominent features of the superior view of the liver (2)
Definition
- IVC channel with caudate lobe on the left
- Bare area
Term
List the prominent features of the inferior view of the liver
Definition
- L/R lobes separated by caudate and quardrate lobes
- Porta hepatis
- Gall bladder
- IVC groove
Term
(T) The porta hepatis creates a horizontal cleft
Definition
True
Term
List the order of the vessels in the cleft, from left to right
Definition
(L): Hepatic artery
(C): Portal vein
(R): biliary apparatus (including gallbladder)
Term
What vessels comprise the extrahepatic biliary apparatus?
Definition
- Left hepatic duct
- Right hepatic duct
- Common hepatic duct
- Gall bladder
- Cystic duct
- Common bile duct
Term
Describe the relationships/flow of these vessels
Definition
L/R hepatic leave liver and form common hepatic. Cystic duct merges with the common hepatic to create the common bile duct.
Term
What is the function of the cystic duct?
Definition
The allow bile to be stored in the gallbladder when not being excreted
Term
(T/F) The common bile duct pierces the pancreas
Definition
True
Term
Describe the duct system after the common bile duct has breached the pancreas
Definition
Common hepatic duct fuses with the main pancreatic duct, and then empties into the duodenum
Term
What is the sphincter that controls the release of digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Definition
The sphincter of oddi
Term
Describe the gallbladder
Definition
A muscular, pear shaped sac that functions to store and concentrate bile.
Term
What are the 3 features of the gallbladder?
Definition
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Neck
Term
(T/F) The pancreas has only endocrine function
Definition
False, it has both endocrine and exocrine function
Term
(T/F) The pancreas is intraperitoneal
Definition
False, it is retro
Term
What are the 4 parts of the pancreas?
Definition
1. Head
2. Uncinate process
3. Body
4. Tail
Term
What portions of the pancreas are surrounded by the duodenum?
Definition
1. Head
2. Uncinate process
Term
Describe the unicate process
Definition
- U shaped
- Runs below the head, along the inferior limb of the duodenum
Term
Describe the body
Definition
Runs from the head, across the great vessels towards the left sime
Term
Describe the tail
Definition
Body turns into tail, which then extends to the upper left abdomen where it abuts against the hilus of the spleen
Term
List characteristics of the spleen
Definition
- Fist sized
- Upper left abdomen
- Lymphatic organ
Term
What are the prominent features of the spleen?
Definition
- Convex outer surface with a notched outer border
- Concave inner surface facing right
- Hilus (on right side_
Term
(T/F) The spleen is retroperitoneal
Definition
False, it is interperitoneal
Term
What are the 4 structures entering/leaving the hilus?
Definition
1. Splenic artery
2. Splenic vein
3. Lymphatic vessels
4. Nerves
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