Term
| In what century did Prussian absolutist states start to rise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What contributed to the rise of Prussian absolutist states? |
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Definition
-Endless wars
-->built large armies
-->increased taxation
-->suppressed representative institutions
-tete-de-tete w/ nobles |
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Term
| How did absolutists get more power when the nobles were still in control? |
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Definition
| -allowed nobles to remain totally in control of their serfs |
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Term
| Name the famous Baroque painter from France who was uber Catholic and painted "remarkably voluptuous saints and angels." |
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Definition
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Term
"Organist and choirmaster of several Lutheran churches across Germany, THIS MAN was equally at home writing secular concertos and sublime religious cantatas. His organ music combined the baroque spirit of invention, tension, and emotion...striving towards the infinite."
Who is THIS MAN? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the Thirty Years' War, how did the Habsburgs change their game plan and why? |
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Definition
-They were really tired and realized they weren't going to achieve world domination and eliminate Catholicism (For NOW...)
-They focused on the empires they had to unify it and impose Catholicism at least there |
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Term
| What was an effect of the Habsburg victory in Bohemia? (sans Ferdinand III) |
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Definition
-reduced the power of the Bohemian estates (Largely Protestant!)
-confiscated Protestant noble land holdings, gave them to Catholic nobles and mercenaries in Habsburg armies
-Est. direct rule over Bohemia
-made serf life worse: three day robot |
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Term
| What reforms did Ferdinand III make? |
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Definition
-centralized gov't in GN-speaking provinces
-installed a permanent standing army for the first time |
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Term
| Between 1683 and 1699, WHAT did the Habsburgs do? |
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Definition
Pushed Ottomans from most of Hungary and Transylvania
--recovered all of former Hungarian kingdom in 1718 |
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Term
| True or false: The Habsburg takeover of Hungary went smoothly with the nobility. (Why or why not?) |
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Definition
False. It wasn't as powerful as it had been previously, but they made several rebellion attempts that at least curbed full development of Habsburg absolutism.
(See Rákóczy card for more) |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Prince Francis Rákóczy |
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Definition
-In 1703, the Habsburgs were busy with the War of Spanish Succession
-The nobles were like, "This would be a GREAT time to strike, Rákóczy, wouldn't it?"
-Rákóczy effectively said, "You know what, you're so right!" And they rose in one last campaign against the Habsburgs
-This campaign was eventually defeated, BUUUT the Habsburgs agreed to reinstate lots of old nobility privileges so that said nobles would recognize Habsburg rule |
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Term
NAME THAT PALACE:
You know, the Austrian Versailles |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Habsburgs forge a common identity among their empire? |
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Definition
-Consensus w/ church and nobility (common identity and loyalty already)
-Common language (German)
-Zealous Catholicism
-thriving city - Vienna |
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Term
NAME THOSE PEOPLE:
Hohenzollern |
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Definition
Ruling family in eastern GN between 1400-1500 approx.
-imperial electors of Brandenburg, dukes of Prussia
-elector=can elect Holy Roman Emperor, not much else power-wise
-Frederick Williamses |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
"The Great Elector" |
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Definition
-Frederick William
-determined to unify 3 provinces and enlarge them by diplomacy and war (Brandenburg, Prussia, scattered Rhine holdings)
-B&P dominated by nobility & landowning classes, or the JUNKERS<--- VERY important term!
-convinced Junkers of need for permanent standing army, accept taxation w/o consent
--nobles only agreed in exchange for renewal of power over serfs
-after that, easily won power over towns and Prussian cities |
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Term
| Describe the army that formed during The Great Elector's reign |
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Definition
-30,000 men
-peacetime
-supported by 1 mil
-state revenue @ same time tripled |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
"The Soldiers' King" |
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Definition
-Frederick William I
-eliminated last traces of local self-gov't
-transformed Prussia into milt. state
-really est. Prussian absolutism
-Always wore a military uniform
-Highly disciplined
-penny-pinching
-built exceptionally honest and conscientious bureaucracy yo administer country, econ development |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Frederick I |
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Definition
| -First king in Hohenzollern family, father of Soldiers' King, son of Great Elector |
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Term
| During The Soldiers' King reign, the Prussian army was the _-largest and what quality rank? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Army conscription was achieved in part through ACT, and changed HOW in 1713?" |
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Definition
| forced conscription - declared lifelong |
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Term
| How did The Soldiers' King fight opposition to his conscription laws |
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Definition
-ordered all Prussian men to undergo milt. training and serve as reservists
---preserved agricultural production AND army size
-also made Junkers the new officer class |
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Term
| "WHAT made way for the rise of absolutist Rusia?" |
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Definition
| The two-hundred-year period of rule by the Mongol khan |
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Term
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Definition
-AKA "Ivan The Great"
-Successfully expanded principality of Moscow toward Baltic Sea
-built up strength, then stopped paying tribute to the Mongols
-declared selves to be autocrats (LIKE THE MONGOLS!)
-He and other Muscovite statespeople forced weaker Slavic principalities to pay tribute to them instead of Nobles |
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Term
| "Loyalty from the highest-ranking nobles, or WHAT, helped the Muscovite princes consolidate power |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Muscovite princes feel they had a claim to the Byzantine Empire? |
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Definition
-When Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, the princes saw themselves as emperors/caesars/tasars of Orthodox Christianity
-Thought they'd make a "Third Rome" for "holy Russia" |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Ivan IV
(NOT FINISHED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) |
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Definition
-Ivan the Terrible
-neglected as child
-crowned self tzar at 16
-defeated last remnants of Mongol power
-added new territories
-laid foundations for empire
-Turned vicious after death of beloved wife, Anastasia Romanov
-Campaign of persecution agst anyone he expected of opposing him
-killed off boyar families, as well as their servants and peasants, then created a new nobility dependent on him for rank/titles
-also took some land for himself
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