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Abdominal mesenteries, circulation, innervation
Cole 3/25/11 lecture 2 hrs
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
03/21/2011

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Term
1) esophagus
2) stomach
3) 1/2 duodenum
4) liver
5) gallbladder
6) pancreas
7) spleen (not actually a derivative of the gut, but shares blood supply)
Definition
list the 7 structures grouped as foregut derivatives
Term
1) 1/2 duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum
4) cecum
5) appendix
6) ascending colon
7) 2/3 transverse colon
Definition
list the 7 structures grouped as midgut derivatives
Term
1) 1/3 transverse colon
2) descending colon
3) sigmoid colon
4) rectum
Definition
list the 4 structures grouped as hindgut derivatives
Term
1) esophagus
2) stomach
3) duodenum
4) jejunum
5) ileum
6) cecum
7) appendix
8) ascending, transverse, descending colon
9) sigmoid colon
10) rectum
Definition
list the structures of the alimentary canal in order
Term
1) spleen (kinda)
2) pancreas
3) gallbladder
4) liver

all foregut
Definition
list the 4 accessory digestive organs, what part of the embryonic gut tube are they derived from?
Term
mesentery
Definition
double layered sheath of peritoneum
Term
1) structural support (suspends gut tube)
2) provides a passage for lymph, nerve, and blood vessels
Definition
list 2 functions of mesenteries
Term
peritoneum (both layers)
Definition
this divides the abdomen and pelvis into the peritoneal cavity and the extraperitoneal space
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
which peritoneum is fused to the abdominal wall?
Term
the potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum, filled with serous fluid
Definition
where is the peritoneal cavity?
Term
anything outside the 2 peritoneal layers

(retroperitoneal space, retropubic space, and retro-inguinal space are included in this)
Definition
where is the extraperitoneal space?
Term
omental/epiploic foramen
Definition
what is the site of communication between the greater and lesser sac?
Term
1)hepatoesophageal ligament
2)hepatogastric ligament
3)hepatoduodenal ligament

these ligaments plus the hepatophrenic ligament support/divide up the lesser omentum
Definition
what ligaments connect the esophagus, lesser curvature of the stomach, and duodenum to the liver? (What structure do these ligaments support?)
Term
close to the right free margin: the common hepatic artery, the common bile duct, the portal vein, lymphatics, and the hepatic plexus of nerves—all enclosed in a fibrous capsule (Glisson's capsule)

close to the stomach: gastric arteries and veins
Definition
what lies within the two layers of the lesser omentum?
Term
lesser omentum
Definition
what structures spans from the esophagus to pylorus to liver, to lesser curvature?
Term
greater omentum
Definition
what is the name of the mesentery that attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach ( from esophagus-duodenum/pylorus)?
Term
front: stomach, lesser omentum, gastrocolic ligament

back: pancreas, diaphragm(lower in back), aorta, splenic a & v, celiac trunk, gastropancreatic fold, left suprarenal gland, superior pole of LEFT kidney
Definition
what forms the anterior/posterior walls of the lesser sac/omental bursa?
Term
ceiling: liver(caudate lobe) and diaphragm

floor: transverse mesocolon & transverse colon
Definition
what forms the ceiling and floor of the lesser sac?
Term
right: liver, duodenal bulb, and IVC

left: hilum of spleen, gastrosplenic ligament, and lienorenal ligament
Definition
what forms the right and left walls of the lesser sac/omental bursa?
Term
right
Definition
what side of the body is the "door" to the lesser sac on?
Term
L1
Definition
what spinal level is the inferior, posterior border of the diaphragm?
Term
gastrocolic ligament
has l & r gastroomental arteries
Definition
what ligament is between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon? what vessels are found in it?
Term
all ligaments attached to the greater curvature of the stomach:

1)gastrosplenic lig
2)gastrocolic lig
3)gastrophrenic lig
Definition
what ligaments divide up/form the greater omentum?
Term
NO SOMATIC sensory fibers, but they still have the normal receptors for distension, ischemia, and inflammation
Definition
do visceral peritoneum or mesenteries have sensory fibers?
Term
somatic pain (VERY SENSITIVE)

touch, cutting, tearing, temperature
Definition
what is parietal peritoneum sensitive to?
Term
all retroperitoneal organs are covered in parietal peritoneum and are therefore sensitive to somatic pain
Definition
what kind of mesentery covers the pancreas? what is this sensitive to?
Term
greater curvature, connected via gastrosplenic ligament
Definition
which curvature of the stomach faces the spleen? what connects these two structures?
Term
yes, the lienorenal ligament attaches it to the posterior abdominal wall (near the left kidney)
Definition
does the spleen attach to the body wall?
Term
the transverse mesocolon
Definition
what connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall?
Term
1- transverse colon ( in the free margin )
2- middle colic vessels and their branches
3- lymphatics and lymph nodes
4- autonomic nerve fibers
5- extraperitoneal fatty tissue
6- left colic anastamoses with middle colic
Definition
what are the contents of the transverse mesocolon?
Term
celiac artery
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
Definition
what are the 3 unpaired vessels that supply gut structures?
Term
celiac artery
Definition
what vessel off the aorta supplies foregut derivatives?
Term
SMA
Definition
what vessel off the aorta supplies midgut derivatives?
Term
IMA
Definition
what vessel off the aorta supplies hindgut derivatives?
Term
T12
Definition
at what spinal level is the aortic hiatus through the diaphragm?
Term
celiac trunk
Definition
what vessel (besides abdominal aorta) lies right below the aortic hiatus?
Term
1) common hepatic
2) left gastric
3) splenic artery
Definition
what are the 3 branches off the celiac trunk?
Term
common hepatic branches off
1) right gastric artery
2) gastroduodenal artery
3) then becomes the proper hepatic artery
Definition
describe the immediate branches (in order of blood flow from aorta) from the common hepatic artery until it changes names. (give TEXTBOOK example)
Term
1) supraduodenal artery
2) anterior/posterior SUPERIOR pancreaticoduodenal artery
3) right gastroomental artery
Definition
what branches off the gastroduodenal artery?
Term
none directly, but from its branches:
liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, duodenum
Definition
what organs receive blood from the common hepatic artery?
Term
sends branch to distal esophagus, and does lesser curvature of the stomach from superior, anastamoses with right gastric artery
Definition
what does the left gastric artery supply? what does it anastamose with?
Term
spleen, greater curvature of the stomach, pancreas
Definition
what organs does the splenic artery supply?
Term
travels posterior to the stomach, does not branch until it passes the stomach going to the left toward the spleen.
Definition
where does the splenic artery go in relation to the stomach? when does it branch?
Term
1)left gastro omental, then it sends 2)pancreatic branches off before reaching the spleen
3) also has short gastric arteries that curve back to the stomach
Definition
what are the (direct) branches of the splenic artery?
Term
left and right gastro omental arteries
Definition
what vessels anastamose on the greater curvature of the stomach?
Term
lesser curve: L&R gastric arteries
greater curve: L&R gastroomental arteries

superior stomach supplied by left side
inferior supplied by right
Definition
describe blood supply to the stomach (list vessels)
Term
short gastric arteries, branched from the splenic artery
Definition
what supplies the fundus of the stomach (where it's superior to the esophagus)? what branch of the celiac trunk does this?
Term
ALL!
Definition
which branches of the celiac trunk supply the stomach?
Term
short gastric arteries
Definition
what is contained in the gastrosplenic ligament?
Term
the celiac trunk is between the inferior border of the liver and sup. border of the pancreas, so the gastric arteries slip into the lesser omentum here and down to the lesser curvature
Definition
HOW does the left gastric artery go through to supply the stomach?
Term
1) through omental foramen

2) through gastrocolic ligament (between greater curvature and transverse colon)

3) through transverse mesocolon after elevating the colon (inferiorly)

4) through lesser omentum (between lesser curvature and liver)

5) from greater curvature of stomach (after pulling apart greater omentum layers)
Definition
list the 5 surgical approaches to the omental bursa
Term
through the gastrocolic ligament

1)allows wide open access to pancreas and post. body wall
2) you can cut BETWEEN the major vessels
(below gastroomental so stomach still getting supplied and also the transverse colon from below)
Definition
what is the best approach to the omental bursa? why?
Term
forgut: T5-T9
midgut: T9-T12
hindgut: T12-L2

note: sympathetics come out the lateral horn
Definition
In which spinal levels are the pre-ganglionc cell bodies for SYMPATHERIC innervation of the gut (each part: fore, mid, hind)
Term
foregut: greater splanchnic nerve
midgut: lesser splanchnic nerve
hindgut: least splanchnic/lumbar splanchnic
Definition
the sympathetic nerves travel from their spinal cell body in named nerves, what is the name of each of these nerves in each section of the gut (fore,mid,hind)?
Term
foregut: celiac ganglion
midgut: superior mesenteric ganglion
hindgut: inferior mesenteric ganglion

note: postganglionic nerve fibers follow the names of the corresponding arteries
Definition
where are the pre-aortic ganglia (carrying sympathetics) to the foregut, midgut, and hindgut located?
Term
foregut: celiac artery
midgut: SMA
hindgut: IMA
Definition
what vessels do postganglionic sympathetics follow to each part of the gut?
Term
ventral root
->ventral rami
->white rami communicans
->sympathetic(trunk) chain ganglia
->splanchnic nerve
->SYNAPSE in pre-aortic ganglia
Definition
describe the path of sympathetics from their spinal cell body to their pre-aortic ganglia
Term
post ganglionic sympathetics going to the BODY WALL

the symp synapse in the chain ganglia then pop out to take dorsal/ventral rami
Definition
what is found in gray rami?
Term
greater splanchnic

the sympathetics come through the diaphram by piercing the crus of the diaphragm (in the form of splanchnic nerves)
Definition
the chain ganglia of T5-T9 form what nerve in the abdomen? how do they get to the abdomen(thoracic (T) is above the diaphragm)?
Term
the l and r vagus nerves
->esophageal plexus
->anterior and posterior vagal trunks
-> trunks pierce diaphragm in esophageal hiatus
-> mix with sympathetics in the ganglia
->follow blood vessels to organ

NO SYNAPSE
Definition
how do parasympahtetics (remember they are in the form of cranial nerve X) get to the abdomen?
Term
sympathetics form these, but parasympathetics mix, so all visceral efferents. Visceral afferents (pain etc.) get mixed up in here too, but have special routes back depending on where they come from)
Definition
what nerves are found in celiac, Superior mesenteric, and Inferior mesenteric plexi?
Term
lesser omentum ligaments:
1)hepatoduodenal- portal triad
2)hepatogastric - l&r gastric art.
3)hepatoesophageal- none
greater omentum:
4) gastrophrenic - none
5) gastrosplenic -short gastric arteries
6) gastrocolic - gastroomental a.
spleen:
7) leinorenal - splenic a&v + panc. tail
liver:
8)falciform ligament - round lig + paraumbillical veins
colon:
9) transverse mesocolon: middle colic + left colic anastamoses with middle colic
10) sigmoid mesocolon: 4 sigoid art.
other:
11) mesentery proper: SMA in root + intestinal branches to jejunum & ileum + ileal branch of ileocolic
12)mesoappendix: appendicular art
Definition
list all mesenteries of the gut, and the vessels/junk that run through them
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