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abdominal I
abdominal I
76
Anatomy
Graduate
09/22/2011

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Term
what is the xiphisternal junction?
Definition
level of the dome of the diaphragm
Term
what is the symphysis pubis?
Definition
rectus abdominis distal attachment
Term
what is the pubic tubercle?
Definition
medial attachment inguinal ligament
Term
where is the anterior superior iliac spine and what attaches to it?
Definition
anterior portion of pelvis; lateral attachment of inguinal ligament
Term
what attaches to iliac crest?
Definition
external, internal, and transverse abdominis muscles
Term
what are the costal margins and what attaches there?
Definition
inferior aspect of thoracic cage; diaphragm
Term
what are the 4 regions of the abdominal wall?
Definition
right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant
Term
what are the 2 planes that divide the 4 quadrants?
Definition
transumbilical, median
Term
where is the abdominal cavity?
Definition
between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet
Term
which cavity continues the abdominal cavity inferiorly?
Definition
pelvic cavity
Term
what covers the abdominal cavity superiorly?
Definition
thoracic cage
Term
what is in the abdominal cavity?
Definition
most digestive organs plus spleen, kidneys, and ureters
Term
where is the pelvic inlet?
Definition
circle made by pelvis
Term
what are the main functions of muscles of the abdominal wall
Definition
move the trunk, help us maintain posture
Term
what are all functions of muscles of abdominal wall?
Definition
move the trunk, maintain posture, protect abdominal viscera, maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressure for various body functions, compress abdominal contents, assist in respiration
Term
what are the muscles of the abdominal wall?
Definition
external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis
Term
describe the external oblique (compare to other abdominal wall muscles, origin, insertion, innervation)
Definition
largest and most superficial abdominal wall muscle; originates from surface of ribs 5-12; inserts into linea alba, pubic tubercle and iliac crest; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (ventral rami T7-T12)
Term
describe the aponeurosis of the external oblique
Definition
begins at midclavicular line; fibers run inferomedially; contributes to rectus sheath; inferiorly forms the inguinal ligament
Term
describe the internal oblique (compare to other oblique muscles, OIN
Definition
intermediate of the 3 oblique muscles; originates from thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament; inserts into linea alba, inferior border of ribs 10-12, and pubic bone; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T12)
Term
which muscles are innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves ventral rami T7-T12?
Definition
external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis
Term
describe the aponeurosis of the internal oblique
Definition
fibers of internal oblique fan out and into aponeurosis at midclavicular line; continue to rectus sheath
Term
describe transversus abdominis
Definition
innermost abdominal muscle; fibers course transversomedially; originates from ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest; inserts into linea alba, pubic bone; innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T12
Term
what does the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis all contribute to?
Definition
rectus sheath
Term
where is the neurovascular plane in relation to the abdominal wall muscles?
Definition
between internal oblique and transversus abdominis
Term
OIN of rectus abdominis
Definition
O: pubic symphysis and crest; I: xiphoid process and costal cartilage ribs 5-7; N: thoracoabdominal nerves T7-12
Term
describe rectus abdominis
Definition
long, strap-like muscles separated by the linea alba; enclosed within the rectus sheath; tendinous intersections with the muscles are sites of attachment to the overlying anterior layer of the rectus sheath; wider superiorly than inferiorly
Term
what is the rectus sheath
Definition
strong fibrous compartment surrounding the rectus abdominis muscle; formed by the interweaving aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
Term
describe pattern of superior rectus sheath
Definition
1.5 sheaths on anterior and posterior sides of rectus abdominis
Term
arcuate line
Definition
transition line for rectus sheath; above has 1.5 sheaths on anterior and posterior sides of rectus abdomnis; below has all 3 sheaths anterior to rectus abdominis and only transversalis fascia posterior
Term
about where is the arcuate line?
Definition
1 inch below belly button
Term
describe anterior layer of rectus sheath superior to arcuate line
Definition
formed by interlaced aponeruosis of external oblique and anterior lamina of internal oblique
Term
describe posterior layer of rectus sheath supieror to arcuate line
Definition
formed by interlaced aponeurosis of external oblique and posterior lamina of internal oblique
Term
describe rectus sheath inferior to arcuate line
Definition
all 3 aponeurosis converge and course anterior to rectus abdominis
Term
what does the rectus abdominis muscle contact posteriorly inferior to the arcuate line/
Definition
transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
Term
what is the arterial supply to the abdominal wall?
Definition
superior epigastrics from internal thoracic artery, inferior epigastrics from external iliac artery (the 2 epigastrics anastomose with each other within the rectus abdominis muscle), other branches from femoral, intercostal, musculophrenic, iliac arteries also help vascularize the abdominal wall
Term
what is the basis of the nerves of the abdominal wall?
Definition
ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves (some lumbar) innervate the abdominal wall (T7-L1)
Term
nerve roots of thoracoabdominal nerves
Definition
T7-T12
Term
nerve root of subcostal nerve
Definition
T12
Term
L1 ventral ramus divides into which 2 named nerves?
Definition
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerve
Term
where do the nerves of the abdominal wall course?
Definition
neurovascular plane
Term
name the nerves of the abdominal wall
Definition
thoracoabdominal, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
Term
how do the thoracoabdominal nerves innervate the abdominal wall?
Definition
they emerge from the rib cage region and innervate the anterior and lateral body wall
Term
what does the inguinal canal do
Definition
provide a passageway in the abdominal wall
Term
how is the inguinal canal significant in males
Definition
testes and spermatic cord descend through the canal and into the scrotum
Term
what goes through the inguinal canal in women?
Definition
round ligament of the uterus, on its way to labia majora
Term
what is the most common hernia? (more common in men than in women)
Definition
indirect inguinal hernia
Term
what happens in an indirect inguinal hernia?
Definition
viscera (usually small intestine) protrude through inguinal canal and emerge into scrotum
Term
what carried arterial blood from placenta to fetus?
Definition
umbilical veins
Term
what carried venous blood from baby to placenta?
Definition
umbilical arteries
Term
what are the medial umbilical ligaments?
Definition
remnants of the fetal umbilical arteries that sent deoxygenated blood back to placenta
Term
what is the round ligament/ligamentum teres?
Definition
remnant of the fetal umbilical vein that carried oxygenated blood from placenta to baby
Term
what do the 2 medial folds of the abdominal wall cover?
Definition
medial umbilical ligaments
Term
what do the 2 lateral folds of the abdominal wall cover?
Definition
inferior epigastric vessels
Term
what does the falciform ligament cover/
Definition
round ligament
Term
what is the peritoneium?
Definition
a thin continuous serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
what is the parietal peritoneum?
Definition
portion of the serous membrane that lines the internal surface wall of the abdominopelvic wall
Term
what is the visceral peritoneum?
Definition
portion of serous membrane that reflects onto and covers the visera
Term
describe afferent innervation of serous peritoneum
Definition
parietal layer = highly innervated by GSA = very sensitive to pain; visceral layer = innervated by GVA = pretty insensitive to pain
Term
what is the peritoneal cavity?
Definition
potential space between parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium
Term
what is inside the peritoneal cavity?
Definition
NO organs, only small amounts of lubricating fluid, WBCs, antibodiess
Term
what is omentum?
Definition
double layered peritoneum that passes from stomach to other organs
Term
omentums provide a passageway for what?
Definition
neurovascular structures
Term
where is greater omentum?
Definition
hangs from greater curve of stomach
Term
where is lesser omentum?
Definition
connects lesser curve of the stomach to liver
Term
why is greater omentum sometimes called the abdominal policeman?
Definition
it can wrap itself around inflamed/infected organs
Term
what are the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum?
Definition
hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal
Term
what are the 3 important structures within the hepatodudenal
Definition
portal triad = proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein
Term
what is mesentary?
Definition
a double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to the posterior abdominal wall
Term
what do mesenteries do?
Definition
provide a means for neurovascular structures to enter/leave an organ; allows arteries from abdominal aorta to vascularize organs
Term
what is the transverse mesocolon?
Definition
mesentery of the transverse colon
Term
what structure separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Definition
falciform ligament
Term
what does the pancreas do?
Definition
produces digestive enzymes which drain into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct
Term
which part of the small intestines hugs the pancreas?
Definition
duodenum
Term
what is the name of the large duct in the middle of the pancreas?
Definition
main pancreatic duct
Term
what are intraperitoneal organs?
Definition
organs that are essentially covered with visceral peritoneum = liver, stomach, spleen, and most of small and large intestines
Term
what are retroperitoneal organs?
Definition
organs/structures that are located posterior to the parietal layer of peritoneum (kidneys, aorta, inferior vena cava)
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