Term
T/F the abdominal cavity is continuous with the pevlic cavity |
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Definition
| true- abdominopelic cavity |
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Term
| what is the membrane that lines walls and organs of the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F the parietal peritoneum has sensory innervation |
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Definition
| T via nerves of the abdominal wall |
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Term
| T/F the visceral peritoneum has sensory innervation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what surrounds the abdominal organs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| is the pain in parietal peritoneum reffered pain? |
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Definition
| no, tends to be acute and can be localized |
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Term
| Does the peritoneal cavity contain organs? |
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Definition
| no, it is like the plerual and parietal cavities, a potential space with a thin layer of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| excess fluid in peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| ascites, excess fluid in peritoneal cavity from infection, metastasis of cancer, or perforation of GI tract |
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Term
| T/F peritoneal cavity is open in males |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F peritoneal cavity is open in females |
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Definition
| T- vis vagina, uteus and uterine tubes |
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Term
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Definition
retroperitoneal space, between parietal peritoneum and muscles of abdominal wall.
contain fat, vessels and some organs (kidneys) |
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Term
| what is the difference between pimarily retroperitoneal and secondarily retroperitoneal organs? |
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Definition
| primary will be posterior, and were never in developmetn intraperitoneal. Seconarily retroperitoneal organs were at one point in development covered in visceral peritoneum but then pushed against the posterior wall and lost their mobility |
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|
Term
| what suspends the intraperitoneal organs? |
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Definition
| the mesenteries are two layers of peritoneum that suspend the intraperitoneal organs, also contain nerve and vessels |
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Term
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Definition
they are all omentum
green- greater omentum from greater curvature of stomache to tansverse colon
pink and blue- lesser omentum
pink- hepatoduodental ligament- has portal triad
blue- hepatogastric ligament |
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Term
| Is there any conection between the greater and lesser sacks of the abdomen? |
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Definition
| yes, deep to the hepatoduodenal ligament |
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Term
| what does the hepatoduodental ligament contain? |
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Definition
portal triad-
portal vein
proper hepatic artery
bile duct |
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|
Term
| what are the two sacs of the peritoneal cavity? |
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Definition
greater sac- disphragm to pelvic regeion
lesser sac- posterior to stomach and lesser omentum |
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Term
| what si the name of the opening between the greater and lesser sac of the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
| omental foramen- deep to the hepatoduodenal ligament |
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|
Term
| what organs are derrived from the foregut? |
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Definition
| esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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Term
| what is the vblood supply to the foregut? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the venous drainage for the foregut derrivatives? |
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Definition
| gastric veins, splenic veins |
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|
Term
| what ar the lymphatic for the foregut derivitives? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| is the abdominal portion of the esophagus primarily, secondarily retroperitoneal, or intraperitoneal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what typically prevents acid reflux? |
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Definition
| the contraction of the diaphragm works as a sphincter for the esophagus, keeping stomach contents from the thoracic portion of the esopphagus |
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|
Term
| what is it called when the abdominal esophagus or proximal stomach herniate through the esophogeal hiatus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where is the stomach generally located? |
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Definition
| upper left quadrant, in the transpyloric plane |
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Term
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Definition
pink- lesser curvature
blue- greater curvature |
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Term
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Definition
purple- cardia
yellow- fundus
light blue- body
green-pyloric antrum
pink- pyloric canal
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|
Term
|
Definition
blue- rugae
yellow- pyloric sphincter @ L1, circular smooth muscle, controls release of stomach contents to duodenum |
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|
Term
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Definition
blue- superior- intraperitoneal
green- descending- secondarily retroperitoneal
yellow- horizontal
purple- ascending |
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|
Term
| describe the location of the pancreas |
|
Definition
posterior to stomach
between duodenum and spleen
head of pancreas surrounded by descending duodenum
tail in contact with spleen |
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|
Term
| is the pancreas intraperitoneal? |
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Definition
| no it is secondaily retroperitoneal |
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|
Term
| Is the liver intraperitoneal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bare area of the liver? |
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Definition
| the parts directly adjacent to the diaphragm that is not covered in peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| what connect the liver to the anterior abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
black- IVC
white- abdominal aorta
green- kidney
purple- spleen
pink- pancreas
blue- stomach
yellow-duodenum
red- greater omentum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
black-right lobe
green- left lobe
red- faliciform ligament |
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|
Term
|
Definition
green- left lobe
yellow- caudate lobe
light blue- quadrate lobe
black- right lobe |
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|
Term
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Definition
| part of the liver supplied by branch of hepatic artery and drained by branch of hepatic duct |
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|
Term
| how many segments does the liver have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are hepatic artery branches intersegmental? |
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Definition
| no, one branch serves one segment |
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|
Term
| are the branches of the hepatic duct intersegmental? |
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Definition
| no each segment of the liver is drained by a branch of the left or right hepatic duct |
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|
Term
| are the hepatic veins intersegmental? |
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Definition
| yep, and eventually drain to the IVC |
|
|
Term
| what is the rout of bile from gall bladder to the duodenum? |
|
Definition
left or right hepatic duct->
common hepatic duct->
cystic duct->
bile duct |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when sphincter in bile duct contracted bile is forced back to cystic duct and then gallbladder where it is stored |
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|
Term
|
Definition
red-left hepatic duct
orange- right hepatic duct
yellow- common hepatic duct
green- cystic duct
blue- main pancreatic duct
purple- accesory pancreatic duct |
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|
Term
| where does the main pancreatic duct empty? |
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Definition
| it joins with the bile duct to empty into the hepatpancreatic ampulla which empties into the descending duodenum. this is the major duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
| where does the accesory pancreatic duct empty? |
|
Definition
| empties to the descending duodenum at th minor duodenal papilla |
|
|
Term
| is the major or minor duodenal papilla superior? |
|
Definition
| the minor duodenal papilla is superior to the major |
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|
Term
| is the spleen intraperitoneal, primarily or secondarily retroperitineal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what quadrant is the spleen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can you palpate the spleen inferior to the left costal margin |
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Definition
| when there is splenomegaly |
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|
Term
| where do the veins nerves and arteries enter and exit the spleen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifucate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta? |
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Definition
Celiac trunk- T12
Superior messenteric artery L1
Inferior mesenteric artery- L3 |
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|
Term
| where do the paired branches of the abdominal aorta go? |
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Definition
| retroperitoneal organs and gonads |
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|
Term
|
Definition
green- common hepatic
yellow- left gastric
blue- splenic
a- esophageal
b-short gastric
c- short gastric
d- left gastroomental
e- right gastroomental
f- right gastric
g-gastroduodenal
h-proper hepatic
i/j- left and right hepatic |
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|
Term
| how does the pancreas get blood? |
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Definition
| anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from gastroduodenal branch) anastomose with anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries of SMA |
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the retroperitoneal space? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the caval system drain to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the portal system? |
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Definition
| venous blood- O poor nutrient rich- goes through portal vein to liver where it is detoxified and processed, then to IVC through hepatic veins |
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|
Term
| do veins in the portal system have valves? |
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Definition
| no they anastomose with the caval veins |
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|
Term
| what are the three main tributaries to the portal system? |
|
Definition
- splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
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|
|
Term
| what are 4 points of portal caval anastomoses? |
|
Definition
- umbilicus
- distal espohagus
- colon- ascendign or descending
- rectum/anus
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
it is the portal system
yellow- portal vein
green- left gastric
pink- right gastric
blue- splenic
white- short gastric
purple- left gastroomental
grey- SM vein
orange- right gastroomental |
|
|
Term
| trace route of blood in fetus |
|
Definition
O2 rich blood enter via umbilical vein
bypass liver via ductus venosus
O2 poor blood leave via umbilical arteries |
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|
Term
| what is the adult remnant of the umbilical vein? |
|
Definition
round ligament of the liver- ligamentum teres
on inferior margin of the falciform ligament |
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|
Term
| what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus |
|
Definition
ligamentum venosum
on posterior side of liver |
|
|
Term
| what is the adult remnant of the umbilical arteries? |
|
Definition
medial umbilical ligaments
superficial inferior part of the abdominal cavity |
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|
Term
| where does lymph from upper abdomen drain? |
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Definition
| to the celiac lymph nodes (near celiac trunk) then to chyle cistern(near pyloric sphincter) and the thoracic duct |
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|
Term
| what does the parasympathetic system do in the foregut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trace the route of the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut |
|
Definition
preganglionic cell bodies in brain
perganglionic fibers:vagus nerve
postganglionic cell bodies and fiber in wall of organ |
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|
Term
| what innervation slows down digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trace route of sympathetic nerves |
|
Definition
preganglionic cell bodies- lateral horn
preganglionic fibers- ventral root-> spinal nerve-> ventral ramus-> white ramus comunicans-> sympathetic trunk-> greater splanchnic nerve
post ganglionic cell bodies- celiac ganglion
post ganglionic fiber- follows arterial branches to organs |
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|
Term
| how is visceral pain in the upper abdomen transmitted back to the brain |
|
Definition
| sympathetic pathway back to trunk |
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|
Term
| where is the referred pain in the foregut? |
|
Definition
| inferior to costal margin |
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