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Abdominal contents I
Abdominal contents I
77
Anatomy
Graduate
09/15/2009

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Cards

Term

T/F the abdominal cavity is continuous with the pevlic cavity

Definition
true- abdominopelic cavity
Term
what is the membrane that lines walls and organs of the abdominal cavity?
Definition
peritoneum
Term
T/F the parietal peritoneum has sensory innervation
Definition
T via nerves of the abdominal wall
Term
T/F the visceral peritoneum has sensory innervation
Definition
False
Term
what surrounds the abdominal organs?
Definition
visceral peritoneum
Term
is the pain in parietal peritoneum reffered pain?
Definition
no, tends to be acute and can be localized
Term
Does the peritoneal cavity contain organs?
Definition
no, it is like the plerual and parietal cavities, a potential space with a thin layer of fluid
Term
what is ascites?
Definition
excess fluid in peritoneal cavity
Term
[image]
Definition
ascites, excess fluid in peritoneal cavity from infection, metastasis of cancer, or perforation of GI tract
Term
T/F peritoneal cavity is open in males
Definition
False
Term
T/F peritoneal cavity is open in females
Definition
T- vis vagina, uteus and uterine tubes
Term
[image]
Definition

retroperitoneal space, between parietal peritoneum and muscles of abdominal wall.

contain fat, vessels and some organs (kidneys)

Term
what is the difference between pimarily retroperitoneal and secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
Definition
primary will be posterior, and were never in developmetn intraperitoneal.  Seconarily retroperitoneal organs were at one point in development covered in visceral peritoneum but then pushed against the posterior wall and lost their mobility
Term
what suspends the intraperitoneal organs?
Definition
the mesenteries are two layers of peritoneum that suspend the intraperitoneal organs,  also contain nerve and vessels
Term
[image]
Definition

they are all omentum

green- greater omentum from greater curvature of stomache to tansverse colon

pink and blue- lesser omentum

pink- hepatoduodental ligament- has portal triad

blue- hepatogastric ligament

Term
Is there any conection between the greater and lesser sacks of the abdomen?
Definition
yes, deep to the hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
what does the hepatoduodental ligament contain?
Definition

portal triad-

portal vein

proper hepatic artery

bile duct

Term
what are the two sacs of the peritoneal cavity?
Definition

greater sac- disphragm to pelvic regeion

lesser sac- posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

Term
what si the name of the opening between the greater and lesser sac of the abdominal cavity?
Definition
omental foramen- deep to the hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
what organs are derrived from the foregut?
Definition
esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Term
what is the vblood supply to the foregut?
Definition
celiac trunk
Term
what is the venous drainage for the foregut derrivatives?
Definition
gastric veins, splenic veins
Term
what ar the lymphatic for the foregut derivitives?
Definition
celiac lymph nodes
Term
is the abdominal portion of the esophagus primarily, secondarily retroperitoneal, or intraperitoneal?
Definition
intraperitoneal
Term
what typically prevents acid reflux?
Definition
the contraction of the diaphragm works as a sphincter for the esophagus, keeping stomach contents from the thoracic portion of the esopphagus
Term
what is it called when the abdominal esophagus or proximal stomach herniate through the esophogeal hiatus?
Definition
hiatal hernias
Term
where is the stomach generally located?
Definition
upper left quadrant, in the transpyloric plane
Term
[image]
Definition

pink- lesser curvature

blue- greater curvature

Term
[image]
Definition

purple- cardia 

yellow- fundus

light blue- body

green-pyloric antrum

pink- pyloric canal

 

Term
[image]
Definition

blue- rugae

yellow- pyloric sphincter @ L1, circular smooth muscle, controls release of stomach contents to duodenum

Term
[image]
Definition

blue- superior- intraperitoneal

green- descending- secondarily retroperitoneal

yellow- horizontal

purple- ascending

Term
describe the location of the pancreas
Definition

posterior to stomach

between duodenum and spleen

head of pancreas surrounded by descending duodenum

tail in contact with spleen

Term
is the pancreas intraperitoneal?
Definition
no it is secondaily retroperitoneal
Term
Is the liver intraperitoneal?
Definition
yes
Term
what is the bare area of the liver?
Definition
the parts directly adjacent to the diaphragm that is not covered in peritoneum
Term
what connect the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Definition
falciform ligament
Term
[image]
Definition

black- IVC

white- abdominal aorta

green- kidney

purple- spleen

pink- pancreas

blue- stomach

yellow-duodenum

red- greater omentum

Term
[image]
Definition

black-right lobe

green- left lobe

red- faliciform ligament

Term
[image]
Definition

green- left lobe

yellow- caudate lobe

light blue- quadrate lobe

black- right lobe

Term
what is a liver segment?
Definition
part of the liver supplied by branch of hepatic artery and drained by branch of hepatic duct
Term
how many segments does the liver have?
Definition
8
Term
are hepatic artery branches intersegmental?
Definition
no, one branch serves one segment
Term
are the branches of the hepatic duct intersegmental?
Definition
no each segment of the liver is drained by a branch of the left or right hepatic duct
Term
are the hepatic veins intersegmental?
Definition
yep, and eventually drain to the IVC
Term
what is the rout of bile from gall bladder to the duodenum?
Definition

left or right hepatic duct->

common hepatic duct->

cystic duct->

bile duct

Term
how is bile controlled?
Definition
when sphincter in bile duct contracted bile is forced back to cystic duct and then gallbladder where it is stored
Term
[image]
Definition

red-left hepatic duct

orange- right hepatic duct

yellow- common hepatic duct

green- cystic duct

blue- main pancreatic duct

purple- accesory pancreatic duct

Term
where does the main pancreatic duct empty?
Definition
it joins with the bile duct to empty into the hepatpancreatic ampulla which empties into the descending duodenum.  this is the major duodenal papilla
Term
where does the accesory pancreatic duct empty?
Definition
empties to the descending duodenum at th minor duodenal papilla
Term
is the major or minor duodenal papilla superior?
Definition
the minor duodenal papilla is superior to the major
Term
is the spleen intraperitoneal, primarily or secondarily retroperitineal?
Definition
intraperitoneal
Term
in what quadrant is the spleen?
Definition
left upper
Term
when can you palpate the spleen inferior to the left costal margin
Definition
when there is splenomegaly
Term
where do the veins nerves and arteries enter and exit the spleen?
Definition
hilium
Term
at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifucate?
Definition
L4
Term
what are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?
Definition

Celiac trunk- T12

Superior messenteric artery L1

Inferior mesenteric artery- L3

Term
where do the paired branches of the abdominal aorta go?
Definition
retroperitoneal organs and gonads
Term
[image]
Definition

green- common hepatic

yellow- left gastric

blue- splenic

a- esophageal

b-short gastric

c- short gastric

d- left gastroomental

e- right gastroomental

f- right gastric

g-gastroduodenal

h-proper hepatic

i/j- left and right hepatic

Term
how does the pancreas get blood?
Definition
anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from gastroduodenal branch) anastomose with anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries of SMA
Term
what veins drain the retroperitoneal space?
Definition
the caval system
Term
where does the caval system drain to?
Definition
the IVC
Term
what is the portal system?
Definition
venous blood- O poor nutrient rich- goes through portal vein to liver where it is detoxified and processed, then to IVC through hepatic veins
Term
do veins in the portal system have valves?
Definition
no they anastomose with the caval veins
Term
what are the three main tributaries to the portal system?
Definition

  1. splenic vein
  2. Superior mesenteric vein
  3. Inferior mesenteric vein

Term
what are 4 points of portal caval anastomoses?
Definition

  1. umbilicus
  2. distal espohagus
  3. colon- ascendign or descending
  4. rectum/anus

Term
[image]
Definition

it is the portal system

yellow- portal vein

green- left gastric

pink- right gastric

blue- splenic

white- short gastric

purple- left gastroomental

grey- SM vein

orange- right gastroomental

Term
trace route of blood in fetus
Definition

O2 rich blood enter via umbilical vein

bypass liver via ductus venosus

O2 poor blood leave via umbilical arteries

Term
what is the adult remnant of the umbilical vein?
Definition

round ligament of the liver- ligamentum teres

on inferior margin of the falciform ligament

Term
what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus
Definition

ligamentum venosum

on posterior side of liver

Term
what is the adult remnant of the umbilical arteries?
Definition

medial umbilical ligaments

superficial inferior part of the abdominal cavity

Term
where does lymph from upper abdomen drain?
Definition
to the celiac lymph nodes (near celiac trunk)  then to chyle cistern(near pyloric sphincter)  and the thoracic duct
Term
what does the parasympathetic system do in the foregut?
Definition
activates it
Term
trace the route of the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut
Definition

preganglionic cell bodies in brain

perganglionic fibers:vagus nerve

postganglionic cell bodies and fiber in wall of organ

Term
what innervation slows down digestion?
Definition
sympathetic innervation
Term
trace route of sympathetic nerves
Definition

preganglionic cell bodies- lateral horn

preganglionic fibers- ventral root-> spinal nerve-> ventral ramus-> white ramus comunicans-> sympathetic trunk-> greater splanchnic nerve

post ganglionic cell bodies- celiac ganglion

post ganglionic fiber- follows arterial branches to organs

Term
how is visceral pain in the upper abdomen transmitted back to the brain
Definition
sympathetic pathway back to trunk
Term
where is the referred pain in the foregut? 
Definition
inferior to costal margin
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