Term
| What is the name of the peritoneum ling the GI organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the peritoneum compare to the pleura? |
|
Definition
| It is the same, except for location |
|
|
Term
| Name three functions of the mesenteries. |
|
Definition
| Support, fat storage, transmits vessels/nerves/lymphatics |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the mesentary that drapes off the greater curvature of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it referred to as the "Policeman of the abdomen"? |
|
Definition
| It adheres to inflamed tissue and tends to separate it from the rest of the peritoneal cavity. |
|
|
Term
| In what quadrant is the liver located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three parts of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the GI tract “frames” the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what quadrant of the abdomen would you find the appendix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the mesentery to the sigmoid colon? the small intestine? |
|
Definition
Sigmoid – Sigmoid mesocolon
SI – Mesentery proper |
|
|
Term
| What is the location of the spleen |
|
Definition
| Left side, posterior to the mid-axillary line, along the long axis of the 10th rib. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the colic flexure where the transverse colon turns into the descending colon? |
|
Definition
| Left colic flexure or splenic flexure |
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic shape of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the stomach usually contains swallowed air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the mucosal folds in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the sphincter that lies between the stomach and duodenum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the first part of the duodenum like the last part of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What empties into the 2nd part of the duodenum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic shape of the duodenum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lies nestled in the curve of the duodenum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the mucosal folds in the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 5 ways the ileum differs from the jejunum? |
|
Definition
1. Ileum is smaller in size
2. Fewer and lower plica
3. Less vascular,
4. More encroaching mesenteric fat,
5. Shorter vasa recti,
6. More complicated arcades,
7. Have Peyer patches,
8. Possible Meckel’s diverticulum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the part of the large intestine that connects to the ileum and the appendix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is McBurney’s Point? |
|
Definition
| Surface projection onto anterior abdominal wall of the location where the appendix originates from the cecum. |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| The presence of tenia coli, plica semilunares, haustra, and epiploic appendages |
|
|
Term
| What arterial trunks supplies the foregut? midgut? hindgut? |
|
Definition
| FG – celiac; MG – SMA; HG – IMA |
|
|
Term
| What are the three branches off the celiac artery? |
|
Definition
| Common hepatic, left gastric, splenic artery |
|
|
Term
| Name the arteries that collectively supply the jejunum and ileum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the middle colic artery and what general region does it supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are the vessels to the gut smaller than they initially appear on visual inspection? |
|
Definition
| They are “coated” with an autonomic nerve plexus. |
|
|
Term
| Which unpaired artery gives rise to the left colic artery and sigmoidal arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is functional significance of the marginal artery? |
|
Definition
| Provides for a continuous anastomotic supply of blood to the colon in the event that major colic branches are compressed, temporarily or permanently. (i.e. - prevents ischemic bowel) |
|
|
Term
| What three veins converge to form the portal vein? |
|
Definition
| Splenic and SMV, plus the IMV |
|
|
Term
| Where is the portal vein formed? |
|
Definition
| Behind the neck of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the portal vein? |
|
Definition
| Bring nutrient rich, still moderately oxygenated, blood to the liver for processing from the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| What is portal hypertension? |
|
Definition
| Restriction of blood flow through the portal vein |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of chronic portal hypertension? |
|
Definition
| Splenomegaly, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices, caput medusa. |
|
|
Term
| How can these symptoms be alleviated? |
|
Definition
| Surgically routing portal to the IVC through fusion of these vessels, or other adjacent porta/caval vessels (left renal & splenic veins). Also an interventional procedure called TIPS – Trans Intrahepatic Portal Shunt. |
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does the liver have? |
|
Definition
| 2-4: Right & left (caudate & quadrate part of right anatomic, but part of left functional lobe) |
|
|
Term
| What separates the liver into anatomic lobes? |
|
Definition
| Falciform ligament and left sagittal fissure. |
|
|
Term
| What lies in the right hepatic fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the round ligament of the liver? |
|
Definition
| The remnant of the umbilical vein |
|
|
Term
| What is the porta hepatis? |
|
Definition
| Hilum of liver (transverse hepatic fissure) – contains components of hepatic artery, hepatic ducts and portal vein. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two sources of blood to the liver? |
|
Definition
| Portal vein (70%), hepatic artery (30%) |
|
|
Term
| What separates the liver into functional lobes? |
|
Definition
Physically – the middle hepatic vein.
By definition – the right & left branching of the hepatic arteries, portal veins and hepatic ducts |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
| Stores, concentrates and releases bile. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the duct that transmits bile to and from the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the special connective tissue formation in the duct that prevents over distension and collapse of the duct to the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
| Spiral valve (of Heister) |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of bile once produced until it reaches the duodenum? |
|
Definition
| Liver, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, ampula of Vater, major duodenal papillae, duodenum |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
1. Endocrine – sugar metabolism: glucagon & insulin.
2. Exocrine – digestion: bicarbonate, lipases, amylases, proteases |
|
|
Term
| Where is the head of the pancreas located? the tail? |
|
Definition
1. Head – Nestled in the C-shaped crook of the duodenum.
2. Tail – At the hilum of the spleen |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct? |
|
Definition
| They empty into a common site – the ampula of Vater |
|
|
Term
| Where is the spleen located? |
|
Definition
| Posterior to the mid-axillary line, left side, along the 10th rib. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it commonly injured in motor vehicle accidents (MVA)? |
|
Definition
| It is on a pedicle made from the greater omentum and is relatively mobile. It therefore can become a projectile within the peritoneal cavity during a severe MVA and crashes against the inside of the rib cage. It is often bruised or lacerated. |
|
|
Term
| What other organ is also at risk in MVA that injures the spleen? |
|
Definition
| Tail of pancreas as well as the splenic vessels. |
|
|
