Term
| What are the parts of the excretory system in humans? |
|
Definition
| Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the kidneys? |
|
Definition
| filtration, secretion, reabsorption, urea formation, water balance, ion balance/regulation, detoxification |
|
|
Term
| What sugar process does the excretory system take part in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ions does the excretory system maintain the balance of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormones are released by the excretory system? |
|
Definition
| renin, erthropoietin and calcitrol |
|
|
Term
| What hormones are involved in regulating blood volume and pressurE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the kidneys become important in gluconeogenesis? |
|
Definition
| during starvation because they deaminate amino acids so others can metabolize them down |
|
|
Term
| What parts of the brain influence the kidneys? |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in retroparatineal position |
|
|
Term
| Which kidney is more anterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do a fish's kidneys look like? |
|
Definition
| two streaks of dark bloody tissue near the backbone |
|
|
Term
| Name the different stages of development of the kidney |
|
Definition
| protonephro, mesonphero, metanephro |
|
|
Term
| Where is the protonephro kidney located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of kidney do most animals end up with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of kidney do fish and amphibians have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one thing that all kidneys regulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four common nitrogen products that are excreted by animals? |
|
Definition
| ammonia, uric acid, creatinine, urea |
|
|
Term
| What kind of animals excrete ammonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ammonia? |
|
Definition
| a nitrogen surrounded by 3 hydrogens |
|
|
Term
| How is uric acid different from ammonia? What animals secrete it? |
|
Definition
| more concentrated. Not water soluble. Not as toxic to touch. Secreted by birds and reptiles. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of urea? What animals secrete it? |
|
Definition
| two amine (-NH2) residues joined by a carbonyl (-CO-) functional group. Most mammals secrete it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joint pain caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the kidney? |
|
Definition
| the medulla, the cortex, the major and minor calyxes |
|
|
Term
| What is the medulla made from? |
|
Definition
| renal pyramids with nephrons inside them |
|
|
Term
| What kind of blood is leaving the kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of blood enters the kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the arterial blood flow through the kidney |
|
Definition
| renal artery -> segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> cortical radiate arteries -> afferente arterioles |
|
|
Term
| Describe the path of the blood out of the kidneys |
|
Definition
| cortical radiate veins -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal vein |
|
|
Term
| What are the different kinds of nephrons? |
|
Definition
| cortical and juxtamedullary |
|
|
Term
| Where is the renal corpuscle? |
|
Definition
| Inside the bowman's capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foot-shaped cells that are involved in filtering. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the flow through a nephron |
|
Definition
| proximal convoluted tubule -> descending tubule -> loop of henle -> ascending tubule -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duscts -> calyces |
|
|
Term
| Where does filtrate production happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does active and passive reabsorption happen? |
|
Definition
| the proximal convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
| Where does water and salt conservation happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does variable reabsorption and active secretion happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in the vasa recta? |
|
Definition
| redistribution of water an solutes reabsorbed in the medulla and stabilization of the concentration gradient of the medulla |
|
|
Term
| Where do most hormones enter the nephron? |
|
Definition
| the distal convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
| What part of the kidney does ADH affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
