Term
| Which topical medications do we use to assist with opthalmic examination?> |
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Definition
-Proparacaine
-Tropicamide |
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Term
| What are three common ophthalmic diagnostic tests? |
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Definition
| -Shirmer tear test, Fluorescein staining, Tonometry |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Proparacaine? |
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Definition
| -topical anesthetic for conjunctiva and cornea |
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Term
| What is proparacaine used for? |
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Definition
-cytology
-tonometry
-exam of the nictitans
-flushing the nasolacrimal duct |
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Term
| Why do we only use proparacaine for diagnostics and not treatment? |
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Definition
| -b/c toxic to the corneal epithelium with repeated use |
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Term
| What is the purpose ot Tropicamide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the indicaitons for tropicamide use? |
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Definition
| -complete examination of the lens and fundus |
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Term
| What are the contrindications for tropicamide use? |
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Definition
-glaucoma (exacerbates already high intraocular pressure)
-less instability |
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Term
| What does the Schirmer tear test measure? |
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Definition
| -tear production from the lacrimal glands |
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Term
| Describe the afferent and efferent arms of tear production. |
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Definition
-Afferent: corneal sensation or irritations (CN V)
-Efferent: parasympathetic branches with CN VII stimulate lacrimal gland secretion |
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Term
| When during the examination process do we perform a Schirmer tear test? |
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Definition
| -BEFORE putting any drops in the eye |
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Term
| How do we perform a Schirmer tear test? |
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Definition
| -put diagnostic strip into lower space of eye and let it sit for 60 seconds then read as soon as it is removed |
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Term
| What are the normal canine parameters for the Schirmer tear test? |
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Definition
| - greater than or equal to 15mm/60 seconds |
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Term
| What is Fluorescein stain |
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Definition
| -bright orange dye that turns green and fluoresces in the tear film (seen best with blue light) |
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Term
| Describe the fluorescein stain technique to diagnose a corneal ulcer. |
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Definition
-place stain in the eye => rinse with eye wash => view the room lights out with either white or blue light
-can be used full-strencth or diluted with eyewash in a syringe |
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Term
| Describe the fluorescein stain techniqure used to test nasolacrimal system patency. |
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Definition
-place full-strencht in the eye and allow 3-5 mins to traverse through the nasolacrimal system
-simply stains the tear film allowing visualization of the path the tears take from the eye to the nose |
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Term
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Definition
| -measures intraocular pressure |
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Term
| What is Applanation tonometry? |
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Definition
| -measures how much pressure it takes to flatten (applanate) the cornea |
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Term
| What is reboudn tonometry? |
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Definition
| -measures the speed of probe return after impacting the cornea |
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Term
| Describe how posititioning is considered with tonometry. |
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Definition
-stabilize hand
-no pressure on the eye: kiip finger placement on the dorsal and ventral orrbital rim
-no pressure around the neck: any compression of htejugular vein will increase pressure in the ipsilateral eye |
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Term
| Where do we place the probe for tonometry? |
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Definition
| -touch to the center of the cornea with the tonometer tip or probe perfectly perpendicular to the cornea |
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Term
| What are the contraindications of tonometry? |
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Definition
-ruptured eye
-deep corneal ulcer or laceration |
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