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A215 Exam 2
Muscular and nervous system
99
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/20/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Psoas

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lumbar vertebrae and femur

Hip joint

Flexion

Term

Iliacus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Iliac crest and femur

Hip joint

Flexion

Term

Adductors

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Pubis and Femur

Hip joint

Adduction and flexion

Term

Gracilis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Pubic Tubercle and Tibia

Hip and Knee

Adduction of hip and flexion of knee

Term

Gluteus Medius

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Iliac crest and femur

Hip joint

Abduction and medial rotation

Term

Tensor Fascia Latae

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Anterior superior iliac spine and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia

Hip joint

Abduction and medial rotation

 

Term

Gluteus Maximus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Iliac crest/sacrum/coccyx and IT band/Femur

Hip joint

Extension and lateral rotation

Term

Semitendinosis and Semimembranosis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Ischial tuberosity and medial condyle of tibia

Knee and hip joints

Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee

Term

Biceps Femoris

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Ischial tuberosity

Hip and knee joints

Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee

Term

Sartorious

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Anterior superior iliac spine and the medial side of the tibial tuberosity

Hip and knee joints

Flexion of the hip and of the knee

 

Term

Rectus Femoris

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Anterior superior iliac spine and quadriceps tendon (to tibial tuberosity)

Knee joint

Extension of the knee and flexion of thigh

Term

Vastus Lateralis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Greater trochanter of femur and quadriceps tendon (to tibial tuberosity)

Knee joint

Extension of the knee

Term

Vastus Lateralis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Intertrochanteric line of femur and quadriceps tendon (to tibial tuberosity)

Knee joint

Extension of the knee

Term

Vastus Intermedius

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Anterolateral surface of femur and quadriceps tendon (to tibial tuberosity)

Knee joint

Extension of knee

Term

Tibialis Anterior

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lateral condyle of tibia and metatarsal I

Ankle joint

Dorsiflexion of the ankle

 

Term

Extensor Digitorum Longus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lateral condyle of tibia/anterior fibula and distal phalanges (2 - 5)

Ankle joint and distal phalanges (2 - 5)

Dorsiflexion of the ankle and extension of the toes

Term

Extensor Hallucis Longus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Anterior surface of fibula and great toe

Ankle joint and distal phalanx of great toe

Dorsiflexion of the ankle and extension of the great toe

Term

Gastrocnemius

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Posterior surfaces of lateral and medial condyles of tibia and calcaneous

Knee and ankle joint

Flexion of leg and plantarflexion of foot

Term

Soleus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Head of fibula/medial border of tibia and calcaneous

Ankle joint

Plantarflexion of the foot

Term

Fibularis Longus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Head/shaft of fibula and base of   metatarsal I/medial cuneiform bone

Ankle Joint

Eversion and (weak) plantarflexion of the foot

Term

Fibularis Brevis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lateral shaft of fibula and metatarsal V

Ankle joint

Eversion and (weak) plantarflexion of foot

Term

Flexor Digitorum Longus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Posterior surface of tibia and distal phalanges (2 - 5)

Ankle joint and joints of toes (2 - 5)

Plantarflexion of foot and flexion of all toe joints (2 - 5)

Term

Tibialis Posterior

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Fibula/tibia and metatarsals (II - IV)/cuboid bone/navicular bone/all cuneiforms

Ankle joint

Planterflexion and inversion of foot

Term

Flexor Hallucis Longus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Posterior fibula and distal phalanx of great toe (I)

Ankle joint and all joints of great toe (I)

Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of all joints in great toe (I)

Term

Trapezius

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Occipital bone/vertebrae (C7 - T12) and acromion process/spine of scapula

Scapulothoracic joint

Elevate/superiorly rotate, retract and depress scapula

Term

Rhomboids

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Spinous processes (C7 - T5) and medial border of scapula

Scapulothoracic joint

Elevates/retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula

Term

Levator Scapulae

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Vertebrae (C1 - C4) and medial border of the scapula

Scapulothoracic joint

Elevation/inferior rotation of scapula

Term

Pectoralis Major

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Medial clavicle/costal cartilage of ribs 2 - 6 and intertubercular groove of humerus

Scapulothoracic joint

Flexion and adduction of arm/humerus

Term

Pectoralis Minor

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Ribs 3 - 5 and coracoid process of scapula

Glenohumeral joint

Protraction and depression of scapula

Term

Serratus Anterior

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Ribs 1 - 8 and the medial border of the scapula

Scapulothoracic joint

Protraction, rotation and depression of scapula

Term

Deltoid

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Acromial end of clavicle/acromion process/spine of scapula and deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Glenohumeral joint

Abduction, flexion and extension of arm

Term

Coracobrachialis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Coracoid proccess of scapula and shaft of humerus

Glenohumeral joint

Flexion and adduction of arm

Term

Biceps Brachii (Long and Short Heads)

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Long Head:

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and radial tuberosity

Glenohumeral joint

Flexion of arm

 

Short Head:

Coracoid process and radial tuberosity

Glenohumeral and elbow joint

Flexion and supination of forearm

Term

Latissimus Dorsi

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Vertebrae T7 - T12/ribs 8 - 12/iliac crest and intertubercular groove of humerus

Glenohumeral joint

Extension and adduction of arm

Term

Teres Major

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Inferior angle of scapula and lesser tubercle of humerus

Glenohumeral joint

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of arm

Term

Rotator Cuff Muscles

(Name all 4 and their collective action)

Definition

Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor

Collectively, these 4 muscles stabilize the glenohumeral joint.

Term

Brachialis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Distal anterior surface of humerus and tuberosity and coranoid process of ulna

Elbow joint

Flexion of forearm

Term

Brachioradialis

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus and styloid process of radius

Elbow joint

Flexion of forearm

Term

Triceps Brachii

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Infraglenoid process of scapula/posterior humerus and olecranon of ulna

Elbow joint

Extension of the elbow and shoulder

Term

Anconeus

(Attachments, Joint and Action)

Definition

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna

Elbow joint

Extension of the elbow joint

Term
Structures of Diencephalon (3)
Definition
Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Epithalamus
Term

Epithalamus

(Sub-structures, Location and Functions)

Definition

Pineal Gland

Located on the posterior part of the diencephalon

Secretion of melatonin which controls circadian rhythms (sleep cycles)

Term

Thalamus

(Location and Functions)

Definition

Located on both sides of the 3rd ventricle

The principal and final relay point for sensory information that will be processed and sent to the somatosensory cortex; acts as a filter of unnecessary information

Term

Functions of the Hypothalamus

(There's a shit ton)

Definition

  • control of the autonomic nervous system (HR, BP, digestion, respiration)
  • control of the endocrine system (controls pituitary, secretes antidiuretic hormone and secretes oxytocin which stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the uterus, mammary glands and prostate)
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Controls emotional behavior (Limbic system)
  • Control of food/water intake
  • Regulation of circadian rhythms

Term
Structures of the Mesencephalon (3)
Definition
Cerebral Peduncles, Superior and Inferior Colliculi and Mammilary Bodies
Term
Cerebral Peduncles
Definition

Located on the anteriolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon

Somatic motor neurons descend through this region from the primary motor cortex and this connects the mesencephalon to the cerebrum 

Term

Superior/Inferior Colliculi

(Location and Function)

Definition

Located posteriorly on the mesencephalon

These two pairs of nuclei are relay stations in the processing pathway of visual and auditory sensations.

Term
Structures of the Metencephalon (2)
Definition
Pons and Cerebellum
Term
Functions of the Pons
Definition

  • Houses sensory/motor tracts that connect the brain and the spinal cord
  • Responsible for regulating the rate and depth of breathing (modify activity of medulla oblongata)
  • Houses cranial nerve nuclei for trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), and some vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Term
Functions of the Cerebellum
Definition

  • Coordinates skeletal muscle contractions in the correct pattern that leads to smooth movements 
  • Stores memories of previously learned movement patterns
  • Adjusts muscle activity to sensory information from muscles and joints in order to regulate body position

Term
Functions of the Medulla Oblongata
Definition

  • Cranial nerve nuclei for: vestibulocochlear(VIII) glossopharyngeal(IX) vagus(X) accessory(XI) and hypoglossal(XII)
  • Regulates the heart's rate and strength of contraction
  • Controls blood pressure by contracting and relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels
  • Regulates the respiratory RATE
  • Nuclei involving coughing, sneezing, salivating, swallowing, gagging and vomiting.

Term

Development of the Neural Tube

(4 weeks vs. 5 weeks)

Definition
In week 4, the Telencephalon and Meyelencephalon are unformed, whereas in week 5, they are.
Term
Function of the Postcentral Gyrus
Definition
Primary body sensation, somatosensory cortex
Term
Function of the Precentral Gyrus
Definition
Primary motor cortex; neurons that control voluntary skeletal muscle activity
Term

Visual Cortex

(Function and Location)

Definition

Most posterior region of the occipital lobe

Receives and processes incoming visual information

Term

Broca's Area

(Function and Location)

Definition

Anterior to the precentral gyrus and superior to the lateral sulcus

Motor speech area responsible for controlling the muscle movements necessary for vocalization

Term
Wernicke Area
Definition

Located between parietal and temporal lobes

Involved in recognizing, understanding, and comprehending written and spoken word

Term
Functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid (3)
Definition

  • Buoyancy: brain floats in CSF
  • Protection: provides a liquid cushion
  • Environmental Stability: removes waste products from brain and transports nutrients and chemicals

Term
Cranial Meninges (3)
Definition

  1. Pia Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Dura Mater

Term

Pia Mater

(Location and Function)

Definition

Innermost layer of the cranial meninges

Thin highly vascularized membrane that tightly adheres to the surface of the brain

Term

Olfactory Nerve CN I

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Bulb sends axons into the nasal cavity

Sensory: Smell

Term

Optic Nerve CN II

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Extends posteriorly from the retina of both eyes

Sensory: Sight

Term

Occulomotor CN III

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: skeletal muscle of the eye, muscles of the iris and levator palpibre (eyelid)

Somatic: Changes eye direction

Autonomic: dilation/constriction of pupil, close eyelid

Term

Trochlear Nerve CN IV

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Superior oblique eye muscle

Somatic: Draws the gaze of the eye down and rotates

Term

Trigeminal Nerve CN V

(Innervation and Functions)

Definition

Innervation: Facial and jaw tissue

Sensory: Conduct impulses from nasal cavity, face, most of the oral cavity, teeth, anterior tounge and part of the ear

Somatic: Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid and digastric

Term

Abducens Nerve CN VI

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Lateral rectus of the eye

Somatic: contraction of the lateral rectus muscle, abducts eye

Term

Facial Nerve CN VII

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Sensory: Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Somatic: Muscles of facial expression and stylohyoid

Autonomic: Increases salivation and lacrimal secretion

Term

Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: structures in the ear

Sensory: Hearing and equilibrium (balance)

Term

Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN IX

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Parotid gland, posterior tongue and carotid arteries

Sensory: Touch and taste of posterior tongue; senses O2 and CO2 levels in the blood

Somatic: One pharyngeal muscle

Autonomic: Increases secretion from parotid salivary gland


Term

Vagus Nerve CN X

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervates: structures in the head and neck and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Sensory: Visceral information from thoracic and most abdominal organs; general sensory information from eardrum and pharynx

Somatic: Controls pharynx and larynx muscles

Autonomic: Controls autonomic functions of the smooth muscle it innervates

Term

Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Somatic: Controls intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Term

Accessory Nerve CN XI

(Innervation and Function)

Definition

Innervation: Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and some pharynx muscles

Somatic: Controls muscles of trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and pharynx 


 

Term

Unipolar Neurons

(Description and Functional Example)

Definition

Looks like a 'T' due to the fusion of two processes into one long axon

Neurons that detect touch, pressure, temperature, or chemicals

Term

Bipolar Neurons

(Description and Function)

Definition

Uncommon; two nerve cell processes extend directly from cell body

Some special sensory neurons (in olfactory epithelium and retina of the eye)

Term

Multipolar Neurons

(Description and Functional Example)

Definition

Multiple nerve cell processes extend from cell body; typically one axon and a shit ton of dendrites

Interneurons and motor neurons

Term

Astrocyte Cell

(Appearance and Function)

Definition

CNS glial cell with lots of cell processes that comes in contact with neurons and capillaries

Function: helps form the blood-brain barrier, regulates tissue fluid composition, structural support, replaces damaged neurons and assists neuronal development

Term

Ependymal Cell

(Appearance and Function)

Definition

Simple cuboidal epithelial cell with cilia on apical surface

Function: Lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord; assists in production and circulation of CSF

Term

Microglial Cell

(Appearance and Functions)

Definition

Small cells with slender branches from cell body; least common glial cell

Function: Defends against pathogens, removes debris and phagocytizes wastes

Term

Oligodendrocyte Cell

(Appearance and Functions)

Definition

Rounded bulb-shaped cell with slender cytoplasmic extensions that wrap around CNS axons

Functions: Meylinates and insulates CNS axons, allows faster nerve impulse conduction through axon

Term

Satellite Cell

(Appearance and Functions)

Definition

Flattened cell clustered around neruonal cell bodies in a ganglion

Function: Protects and regulates nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia

Term

Neurolemmocyte Cell

(Appearance and Functions)

Definition

Flattened cell wrapped around a portion of an axon in the PNS

Function: Myelinates and insulates PNS axons, allows for faster nerve impulse conduction through axon

Term

Cervical Plexus Innervation

(Sensory and Motor)

Definition

Sensory: ear, scalp, shoulders and neck

Motor: anterior neck muscles

Term
Branches of the Brachial Plexus
Definition

 

  1. Musculocutaneous
  2. Median
  3. Axillary
  4. Radial
  5. Ulnar

 

Term
Motor Functions of the Phrenic Nerve
Definition
Controls diaphragm muscle
Term
Motor Functions of the Axillary Nerve
Definition
Controls deltoid and teres minor muscles
Term
Motor Functions of the Radial Nerve
Definition
Controls triceps brachii, supinators, extensors of the wrist and brachioradialis
Term
Motor Functions of the Ulnar Nerve
Definition
Controls anterior forearm and muscles of the hand (except thenar)
Term
Motor Functions of the Median Nerve
Definition
Controls pronators, flexors of wrist/digits and thenar
Term
Motor Functions of the Musculocutaneous Nerve
Definition
Controls coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis
Term
Motor Functions of the Tibial Nerve
Definition
Controls posterior thigh, posterior leg and plantar muscles
Term
Motor Functions of the Common Fibular Nerve
Definition
Controls biceps femoris, anterior leg, dorsum foot and lateral leg muscles
Term
Motor Functions of the Femoral Nerve
Definition
Controls anterior thigh muscles
Term
Motor Functions of the Obturator Nerve
Definition
Controls medial thigh muscles (adductors)
Term

Cervical Nerve Plexus

(General Innervation and Spinal Nerves)

Definition

Innervates: Infrahyoid, diaphragm and scalene muscles

Spinal Nerves: C1 - C4 and some C5

Term

Brachial Nerve Plexus

(General Innervation and Spinal Nerves)

Definition

Innervates: Deltoid, teres minor and muscles of the arm/hand

Spinal Nerves: C5 - T1

Term

Lumbar Nerve Plexus

(General Innervation and Spinal Nerves)

Definition

Innervation: Anterior and medial thigh muscles

Spinal Nerves: L1 - L5

Term

Sacral Nerve Plexus

(General Innervation and Spinal Nerves)

Definition

Innervation: Muscles of the leg, foot and posterior thigh

Spinal Nerves: L4, L5, S1 - S4

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