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A&P 1
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36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/26/2016

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Term
Cell
Definition
Living, structural and functional unit enclosed in a membrane
Term
Plasma Membrane:
Definition
Forms the cell's flexible outer surface, separating internal from external ennvironment
Term
Cytosol:
Definition
Fluid part of cytoplasm
Term
Nucleus:
Definition
Large organelle that houses most of a cell's DNA
Term
Chromosomes:
Definition
Molecules of DNA associated with many proteins
Term
Fluid mosaic Model:
Definition
Structural model showing portrayal of Plasma Membrane
Term
Genes:
Definition
Hereditary units controlling most aspects of cell structure/function
Term
Lipid Bilayer:
Definition
Basic structural framework of Plasma Membrane. Two back to back layers, made of phospholipids, cholesterol.
Term
Transmembrane proteins:
Definition
Span the entire Lipid Bilayer and into cytosol and ECF
Term
Integral Proteins:
Definition
Extend into or through the lipid bilayer, and firmly imbedded proteins
Term
Peripheral proteins:
Definition
Attached to the polar heads of the membrane, lipids, or integral proteins
Term
Active Transport:
Definition
Cellular energy used to drive substances uphill, against the concentration gradient
Term
Passive Transport:
Definition
Substance moving down it's concentration gradient to cross the membrane using kinetic energy
Term
Diffusion:
Definition
Passive process in which random mixing of particles in a solution occur because of the particle' Kinetic energy
Term
Simple diffusion:
Definition
Passive process in which substances move freely through the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane cells without help
Term
Facilitated Diffusion:
Definition
Integral membrane protein assists specific substances across membrane
Term
Osmosis:
Definition
Type of diffusion where there's a net movement of a solvent through the selectively permeable membrane
Term
Primary active Transport:
Definition
Energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP, changing the shape of the protein
Term
Secondary Active Transport:
Definition
Energy stored in Na+ or H+ gradient is used to drive substances away
Term
Pinocytosis:
Definition
Form of Endocytosis where small droplets of ECF are taken up
Term
Intermediate Filaments:
Definition
Thicker than microfilaments. Help stabilize the position of organelles
Term
Microtubules:
Definition
Largest part of cytoskeletal parts. They are composed of proteins
Term
Centrosomes:
Definition
Consist of a pair of centrioles and periventricular material
Term
Ribosome:
Definition
Sites of protein synthesis. Has RNA
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Definition
network of membranes in form of flattened sacs/tubules
Term
Rough ER:
Definition
Continuous with nuclear memebrane- usually folded and flattened, studded with ribosomes.
Term
Smooth ER:
Definition
Extends from Rough ER To form a network of membrane tubules. No ribosomes
Term
Golgi Complex:
Definition
Consists of many cisternae. Most extensive in cells that secrete proteins
Term
Lysosomes:
Definition
Membrane-enclosed vesicles forming the golgi complex. Many digestive enzymes
Term
Nuclear Pore:
Definition
Extending through the Nuclear Envelope, consisting of proteins surround a large central opening
Term
Nucleoli:
Definition
Function in producing ribosomes
Term
Chromatin:
Definition
Alternate name for RNA
Term
Transcription:
Definition
Genetic info encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA called mRNA, which directs protein synthesis.
Term
Translation:
Definition
Process of reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein.
Term
Mitosis:
Definition
Nuclear division
Term
Meiosis:
Definition
Reproductive cell division
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