Term
|
Definition
contact points between plasma membranes of tissue cells; some are pores
functions:
-forms seals between cells
-anchor cells to one another or extracellular material
-provide channels for materials to pass from cell to cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| web-like strands of protein that fuse outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together; found in epithelial layer of stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder (kinda like a zipper) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain plaque, dense layer of proteins on inside of plasma membrane; attaches to cytoskeleton proteins and membrane proteins; help epithelial cells resist separation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins extending into intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes; intermediate filaments extend from one cell to another; found in epidermis and cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like desmosomes but lack links to adjacent cells; half desmosome; glycoproteins are integrins; anchor cells to basement membrane; found in epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane proteins called connexins form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons that connect neighboring cells; plasma membranes separated by gap; enable nerve and muscle information to travel more quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
location: covers and lines various parts of the body
functions: specializes in absorptions, secretion, and providing protective barriers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than one layer of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appears stratified but consists of only one layer of cells, some of which do not extend to the surface of tissue; found in treachea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface cells vary from sqamous to cuboidal depending on degree of stretching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually arranged to form continuous sheets with very little intercellular material; sheets composed surface layer of skin and of mucous and serous membranes; basement membrane, an adhesive, permeable material, attaches epithelial layer to underlying layer of connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no blood vessels in epithelial tissue; oxygen and food diffuse form capillaries in connective tissue beneath epithelium; plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells modified at interval so as to hold cells together; undergo division
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
|
Definition
single layer of flat cells
location: alveoli of lungs, lining of blood vessels, surface layer of serous membranes (pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum), capilaries, and kidneys
function: diffusion and filtration |
|
|
Term
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
|
Definition
several layers of flat cells
location: forms surfaces exposed to wear and tear such as surface of skin and of mucous membrane lining the mouth, esophagus, and vagina
function: protection |
|
|
Term
| Simple Columnar Epithelium |
|
Definition
single layer of columnar and goblet-shaped cells, and in some places. ciliated cells
location: composes surface of mucosa lining stomach, intestine, uterus, uterine tubes, and parts of respiratory tract
functions: absorption, secretion, and transport of mucus (stuff will move through it) |
|
|
Term
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
|
Definition
single layer of square-shaped cells
location: covers surface of ovaries, found in the eye, lines kidney tubules and smaller ducts of many glands
functions: secretion and absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
location: composes secreting cells of endocrine (ductless) and exocrine (duct) glands
types: tubular, branched tubular, coiled, acinar, and branched acinar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branched Tubular (simple) |
|
Definition
| gastric and uterine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bulbourethral glands, testes, liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sublingual, submandibular, and salivary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accumulate product in cytoplasm and then die; contents discharged as glandular secretion (new cells replaces it)
[ex: sebaceous glands] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form and release secretory product; cells stay and are not affected [ex: salivary glands and pancreas] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulates product at outer margin of cell and pinches off that portion from the rest of the cell to form secretion [ex: mammary glands] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intercellular material (matrix) predominates and determines physical characteristics; consists of fluid, gel, or solid matrix, with or without fibers
function: connects, supports, transports, and defends
types: collagen, elastic, and reticular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very strong and resist pulling forces; promote tissue flexibility; consist of protein collagen; most abundant protein in body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller in diameter, branch, and join together to form network within a tissue; consist of protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin; strong but can be stretched 150% of their relaxed length; exhibit elasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of collagen arranged in fine bundles and a coating of glycoprotein; provide support in walls of blood vessels and form network around cells in some tissues; much thinner than collagen fibers; form branching networks; provide support and strength |
|
|
Term
| Loose, Ordinary Connective Tissue (Areolar) |
|
Definition
| intercellular substance is prominent and consists of collagenous and elastic fibers loosely interwoven and embedded in soft viscous ground substance; has reticular fibers (contain all three types of fibers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
several kinds of cells present - fibroblasts (form collagenous fibers if tissue injured), macrophages (defense), mast cells (form histamine), adipose cells, plasma cells (formed from lymphocytes), and some white blood cells
function: strength, elasticity, and support (forms subcutaneous layer of skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar to loose but contains mainly adipocytes (fat cells); cannot see fibers
locations: subcutaneous layer of skin, around heart and kidneys, marrow of long bones, and padding around joints
functions: protection, insulation, support, and reserve food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consists of network of branching reticular fibers (thin, branch, support, and strength) with reticular cells overlying them
locations: forms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow
functions: defense against microbes and other injurious substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles and reticular cells phagocytose them |
|
|
Term
| Dense Fibrous (Collagenous) Tissue |
|
Definition
matrix consists mainly of bundle of collagenous fibers and relatively few fibroblast cells
locations: composes structures that need great tensile strength, such as tendons and ligaments
functions: furnishes flexible but strong connection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consists of dense network of collagenous fibers and elastic fibers embedded in jellylike substance; cells are chondrocytes and occur singly or in groups within spaces called lacunae
types: hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collagenous fibers not visible; chondrocytes found in lacunae are very prominent; most abundant cartilage in body; found at ribs, joints at end of long bones, nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chondrocytes scattered through bundles of collagenous fibers; found at pubic symphysis, menisci of the knee, and intervertebral discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chondrocytes located in threadlike network of elastic fibers; provides stregth and shape; located in ear, larynx, and auditory tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of an epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines body cavity opening directly to exterior; lines GI, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts |
|
|
Term
| Serous Membranes (Serosa) |
|
Definition
| lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior and covers the organs that lie within the cavity; consists of parietal (lines cavity) and visceral portion (covers organs); includes pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines cavities of freely movable joints; composed of loose connective tissue with elastic fibers and varying amounts of fat; secrete synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functions: provides motion, maintains posture, and generates heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striated, voluntary - multinucleated; attaches to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striated, involuntary - branched, intercalated discs; heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visceral, involuntary - spindle-shaped cells; lines internal organs |
|
|
Term
| Regeneration or Resolution |
|
Definition
| restorstion of original structural and physiological function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue - fibroblasts synthesize collagen and other materials that form scar tissue; function of tissue impaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential for epithelial tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needed for enzyme systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects collagen synthesis and formation of new blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| healing of bone fractures; increased calcium absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may prevent scarring; promote healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needed for blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of the skin, hair, nails, ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outer layer of skin, stratified squamous epithelium
layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outermost layer of the epidermis, dead, keratinized cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear, flat, dead cells with eleidin; only in palms, soles, and fingertips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3-5 rows containing granules of keratohyalin (1st step in keratin formation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 8-10 rows of epidermis in between stratum granulosum and stratum basale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innermost layer of epidermis; hairless skin contains Merkel's (tactile) disc, Langerhans cells, and melanocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most numerous of the epidermal cells; produce keratin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saucer-shaped free nerve endings that make contact with Merkel cells in the epidermis and function as touch receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epidermal dendritic cells that function as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) during an immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pigmented cell, located between or beneath cells of the deepest layer of the epidermis, that synthesis melanin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second layer of the skin; consists of the papillary layer and the reticular layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in dermis; next to basement membrane; papillae arranged to form ridges (dermal papillae); meissner's corpuscles (corpuscles of touch) may be present; basis for fingerprinting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense, irregular connective tissue containing collagenous and elastic fibers; with adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and ducts of sudoriferous glands |
|
|
Term
| Superficial Fascia (Hypodermis) |
|
Definition
| layer of areolar and adipose tissue under dermis; contains Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles which are sensitive to pressure; storage depot for fat and contains largge blood vessels that supply the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to melanin found in stratum basale and spinosum; also carotene (in dermis) and blood in capillaries in dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dependent on heredity, exposure to sun, and hormones (MSH and ACTH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protection: prevents invasion of dermis and deeper structures by microorganisms, chemicals, and radiation rays/temperature regulation: related to varying amounts of blood in dermis and amount of sweat secreted/ sensation: sensations of heat, cold, pressure, and pain/ vitamin D synthesis: steroid compound in skin converted to vitamin D in presence of sunlight/ (can be reservoir for blood) & (excretion & absorption) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
over entire body except palms of hands and soles of feet and few other small areas
functions: protection, sensing light touch, and decreases heat loss at scalp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms innermost layer of follicle and germinal matrix; germinal matrix forms hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of capillaries under matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounds root of the hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| about 5 inches per year; has growth and resting stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attach to follicle; secrete sebum, an oily substance, into follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attach to follicle; contractions produces "goose bumps" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of epidermal cells converted to hard keratin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mitosis of cells in stratum basale beneath lunula; about 1 inch per year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moon-shaped white area nearesy root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epithelium under nail body; contains blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete sebum-lubricates hair and skin; secretion increases during adolescence and decreased as one gets older |
|
|
Term
| Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands |
|
Definition
| numerous in most areas of skin - especially palms, soles, forehead, and axillae; involved in maintaining homeostasis of body temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretory ducts opens into hair follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in external ear canal; secrete cerumen (ear wax) - provides sticky barrier preventing entrance of foreign bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| types: abrasion, 1st or 2nd degree burn; basal cells move into area of wound and enlarge (migration stops by contact inhibition); migration continues until wound is resurfaced; cells form new strata; epidermal growth factor (hormone found at wounds to stimulate growth of epidermal cells and fibroblasts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone found at wound to stimulate growth of epidemal cells and fibroblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury well below epidermis; consist of four phases: inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, and materation; some will form scars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vascular and cellular response resulting in blood clot and white bloos cells migration to destroy invading microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scab forms; epidermal cells migrate beneath scab to bridge wound; fibroblasts form scar tissue; granulation tissue formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensive growth of epidermal cells; deposition of collagen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scab sloughs off with replacement of epidermal cells to original thickness; collagen fibers organize (some of the collagen fibers will form scars) |
|
|
Term
| Ectoderm, Mesoderm, & Endoderm |
|
Definition
| three germ layer formed during gastrula stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form in the 2nd-4th month of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form in the 3rd month of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed in the 3rd-4th months of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fetal hair; formed in 5th-6th months of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue and blood vessels; dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds
three types: basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| account for about 78% of all skin cancer; tumors arise from cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis and rarely metastasize; known as nonmelanoma skin cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| account for about 20% of skin cancer; arise from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis; have a varible tendency to metastasize; known as nonmelanoma skin cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| account for about 2% of all skin cancer; arise form melanocytes |
|
|
Term
| Risk Factors for Skin Cancer |
|
Definition
| skin type, sun exposure, family history, age, and immunological status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that denature (break down) proteins in the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involve only the epidermis; characterized by mild pain and erythema (redness) but no blisters; partial-thickness burns
[ex: mild sunburn] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destory the epidermis and part of the dermis; some skin functions are lost; redness, blister formation, edema, and pain result; partial-thickness burns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destory the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer; most skin functions are lost; full-thickness burn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by a constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues; also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functions:
-supportion framwork
-protection, movement-levers for muscle action
-mineral reservoir-calcium
-hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)-blood cell formation by red marrow
-energy storage-lipids stored in yellow marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hollow, shaftlike portion of bone; compact bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ends of long bone; spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
region where diaphysis joins epiphysis; includes epiphyseal plate
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense white fibrous membrane covering bone except at joint surfaces; contains blood vessels and bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) |
|
|
Term
| Marrow (Medullary) Cavity |
|
Definition
| filled with yellow (fatty) marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines marrow (medullary) cavity |
|
|
Term
| Short, Flat, and Irregular Bones |
|
Definition
| spongy (cancellous) bone forms inside and compact bone forms outside; red marrow in spaces of spingy bone inside few irregular and flat bones (vertebrae, sternum, and pelvic bones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unspecialized cells, develop into osteoblasts; found in periosteum, endosteum, perforating and central canals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop into bone cells but lost ability to divide; secrete collagen and other aorganic components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature bone cells; formed as matrix develops around osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic matrix impregnated with calcium salts and reinforced with collagenous fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric layers of matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spaces containing osteocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connect lacunae and Haversian (central) canal; for fluid movement |
|
|
Term
| Haversian (Central) Canal |
|
Definition
| contains blood and lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces; separated by thin processes of bone called trabeculae |
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous Ossification |
|
Definition
| occurs in flat bones of roof of skull, parts of mandibles, and clavicles; osteoprogenitor cells converted to osteoblasts within fibrous membrane at center of ossification; osteoblasts secrete intercellular substances; form matrix of calcim salts (calcification); calcification leads to formation of spongy bone and eventually compact bone |
|
|
Term
| Endochondral Ossification |
|
Definition
| mesenchyme cells converted to chondroblasts; covered by perichondrium; cells in midregion hypertrophy; burst, changing pH of matrix & trigger calcification; leads to death of cartilage cells & empty lacunae; nutrient artery penetrates perichondrium stimulation osteoprogenitor cells begin to enlarge & becone osteoblasts; growth begins in middle of diaphysis & spreads to epiphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage model grows in length by cell division of chondroblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth in thickness comes by division of chondroblasts in perichondrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs by continual thickening of epiphyseal cartilage followed by ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medullary cavity enlarged by osteoclasts destroying bone around it while new bone added around circumference by osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of four zones: zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of hypertrophic (maturing) cartilage, and zone of calcified cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Resting Cartilage |
|
Definition
| near epiphysis; small, scattered chondrocytes; anchor epiphyseal plate to bone of epiphysis |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Proliferating Cartilage |
|
Definition
| larger chondrocytes stacked like coins; divide to replace those at diaphyseal surface of epiphyseal plate |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Hypertrophic (Maturing) Cartilage |
|
Definition
| larger chondrocytes arranged in columns; results in lengthwise expansion as cells mature |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Calcified Cartilage |
|
Definition
| few cells thick; lay bone on calcified cartilage cementing diaphyseal borders to diaphysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region between diaphysis and epiphysis; can only grow by appositional growth; allows growth in length until early adulthood under control of GH (growth hormone); |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed when epiphyseal cartilage cells stop dividing and is replaced by bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
-formation exceeds resorption during growth years (infancey through adolescence)
-formation and resorption balance during young adulthood
- later (35-40) more bone resorbed at endosteal surface than formed at periosteal surface; net loss weakens bones; fracture easier |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins and Minerals Needed for Remodeling |
|
Definition
| calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, boron, manganese, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| setting fracture without surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| setting fracture with surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) fracture hematoma-6 to 8 hrs. after injury
2) procallus-infiltration of capillaries and organization to granulation tissue
3) fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus-fibroblasts produce collagen and chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage (3 wks.)
4) bony (hard) callus-osteogenic cells→osteoblasts→ trabeculae (3-4 months)
5) remodeling of callus-dead portions resorbed by osteoclasts; compact replaced spongy |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone & Calcitonin |
|
Definition
| the action through which the bone is involved in calcium homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| Developmental Anatomy of Bone |
|
Definition
-notochord formed form mesoderm; surrounded by other mesodermal tissue forming vertebral column; only remnant of notochord is nucleus palposus of intervertebral discs
-limb buds appear at 5 weeks consisting of mesodermal tissue covered by extoderm |
|
|
Term
| Developmental Anatomy of Skeletal System |
|
Definition
-develop constriction by 6 weeks forming hand plates and foot plates; cartilaginous skeleton present
-by 8th week shoulder and hip area evident and endochondral ossification has begun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends; similar to the way a green twig breaks on one side while the other side stays whole, but bends; occurs only in children, whose bones are not fully ossified and cantain more organic material than inorganic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone (fibula), with serious injury of the distal tibial articulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius) in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area where skin has been scraped away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of serous fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, due to short-term but severe friction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a large blister |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area of hardened and thickened skin that is usually seen in palms and soles and is due to persistent pressure and friction |
|
|
Term
| Cold Sore (Fever Blister) |
|
Definition
| a lesion, usually in an oral mucous membrane, caused by Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmitted by oral or respiratory routes; virus remains dormant until triggered by factors such as ultraviolet light, hormonal changes, and emotional stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of sebaceous material and dead cells in the hair follicle and excretory duct of the sebaceous (oil) gland; usually found over the face, chest, and back; more common during asolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching, and swelling and caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that bring about an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which tissue deep to the skin is damaged, but the epidermis is not broken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a painful conical thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis found principally over toe joints and between the toes, often caused by friction or pressure; may be hard or soft, depending on their location; hard are found over toe joints while soft are usually found between the 4th and 5th toe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sac with a distinct connective tissue wall, containing a fluid or other material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of red, blistering, dry, extremely itchy skin; occurs mostly in skin creases in the wrists, backs of the knees, and fronts of the elbows; typically begins in infancy and many children outgrow the condition; cause is unknown but is linked to genetics and allergies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue on exposed surfaces as a result of extreme cold; in mild cases, the skin is blue and swollen and there is slight pain; in severe cases, there is considerable swelling, some bleeding, no pain, and blistering; if untreated, gangrene may develop; treated by rapid rewarming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized benign tumor of the skin and subcutaneous layer that results from an abnormal increase in blood vessels; one type is a portwine stain, a flat, pink, red, or purple lesion present at birth, usually at the nape of the neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reddened elevated patched of skin that are often itchy; nost commonly caused by infections, physical trauma, medications, emotional stress, food additives, and certain food allergies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing; it extends beyond the original injury and is tender and frequently painful; occurs in the dermis and underlying subcutaneous tissue, usually after trauma, surgery, a burn, or severe acne; more common in people of African descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of a hardened growth of epidermis tissue, such as a permalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the face and hands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an irregular tear of the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are tiny, jumping arthropods that suck blood from the scalp; they lay eggs, called nits, and their saliva causes itching that may lead to complications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are tiny arthropods that do not jump; they look like miniature crabs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small, round skin elevation less than 1 cm in diameter [ex: a pimple] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| itching, one of the most common dermatological disorders; may be caused by skin disorders (infections), systemic disorders (cancer, kidney failure), psychogenic factors (emotional stress), or allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal form the stratum basale to the stratum corneum; as a result, the surface cells never get a chance to cycle into the later keratinizing stages; the surface cells are shed immaturely on the scalp are called dandruff |
|
|
Term
| Tinea Corporis (Ringworm) |
|
Definition
| a fungal infection characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions that may appear on any part of the body; called tinea cruris (jock itch) in the groin and tinea pedis (athlete's foot) in between the toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in reference to a medication, applied to the skin surface rather than ingested or injected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mass produced by uncontrolled growth of epithelial skin cells; caused by a papillomavirus; most are noncancerous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition of porous bones; resorption (breakdown) outpaces deposition (formation) of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two forms fo the same disease that result from inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix; usually caused by a vitamin D definciency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degeneration of articular cartilage such that the bony ends touch; the resulting friction of bone against bone worsens the condition; usually associated with the elderly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infection of bone characterized by high fever, sweating, chills, pain, nausea, pus firmation, edema, and warmth over the affected bone and rigid overlying muscles; often caused by bacteria that may reach the bone form outside the body; form other sites of infection in the body via the blood; and from adjacent soft tissue infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduced bone mass due to a decrease in the rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone resorption; any decrease in bone mass below normal [ex: osteoporosis] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone cancer that primarily affexts osteoblasts and occurs most often in teenagers during their growth spurt; the most common sites are the metaphyses of the thigh bone (femur), shin bone (tibia), and arm bone (humerus); metastases occur most often in of the malignant growth, or amputation of the limb |
|
|
