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A&P midterm study
study guide/test q's to review for midterm
35
Anatomy
12th Grade
12/19/2013

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Cards

Term
What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
Definition
Bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition.
Term
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?
Definition
a sarcomere
Term
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
Definition
endomysium
Term
Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped, _______.
Definition
No muscle tension could be generated
Term
What structure in skeletal muscle cells function in calcium storage?
Definition
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
Definition
actin filaments
Term
What type of muscle assists an antagonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an antagonist acts?
Definition
a synergist
Term
Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
Definition
The type of muscle fibers
Term
What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?
Definition
the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used
Term
Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following?
Definition
Ca^(2+) and ATP
Term
Neurotransmitters that cause skeletal muscle contraction are normally stored in ____.
Definition
motor neuron endings
Term
After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
Definition
acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
Term
During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient O2 available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result the pyruvic acid is converted to __.
Definition
lactic acid
Term
Rigor Mortis occurs because ________.
Definition
no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules.
Term
What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
Definition
serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
Term
The sliding filament model of contraction involves____.
Definition
actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
Term
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATP's per glucose plus 2 pyruvic acid molecules is ____.
Definition
glycolysis
Term
What part of the sarcolemma contains ACh receptors?
Definition
motor end plate
Term
in an isotonic contraction the muscle ____.
Definition
changes in length, and moves "the load"
Term
myoglobin___
Definition
stores oxygen in muscle cells
Term
What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
Definition
the total number of muscle cells available for contraction.
Term
Which of the following is not a component of standard treatment for muscle strain?
Definition
stretching
Term
A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is an ___________.
Definition
antagonist
Term
What does biceps, triceps, quadraceps tell us?
Definition
The muscle has 2, 3, 4 origins respectively
Term
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement?
Definition
an agonist
Term
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to _________.
Definition
regulate intracellular calcium concentration
Term
What produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell?
Definition
the arrangement of myofilaments
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
Definition
striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei
Term
The term aponeurosis refers to _____.
Definition
a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element
Term
Creatine phosphate serves to __________.
Definition
supply energy to synthesize ATP
Term
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does levator mean?
Definition
the muscle elevates
Term
which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?
Definition
Frontal belly of the epicranius.
Term
The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ____.
Definition
increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus
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