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A&P Lecture 4
Lecture Exam 2
101
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2019

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Cards

Term
Functions of Integumentary System
Definition
protection
prevent H2O loss
excretion
temperature regulation
synthesis of vitamin D
sensation
Term
Epidermis
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
has 4 to 5 layers
contains the stratum corneum and stratum basale
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
(AKA hypodermis)
underlying adipose and loose connective tissue
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
the outermost layer, which is dead and provides protection
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
(AKA stratum termination)
the innermost layer
grows via mitosis and contains melanocytes
Term
Dermis
Definition
irregular, dense connective tissue
Term
Hair
Definition
derived from the epidermis
grows from the hair follicle
serves as insulation in animals
arrector pili muscle
Term
Arrector Pili Muscle
Definition
causes "goosebumps", which increases heat retention
Term
Glands
Definition
Sebaceous and Sudoriferous (Sweat) and Apocrine
Term
Sebaceous Glands location
Definition
usually with the hair follicle
Term
Sebaceous Glands Funciton
Definition
lubricate the hair shaft
waterproof the skin
Term
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland function
Definition
cool the body via evaporation
excretes waste through duct to surface
Term
Apocrine Gland Location
Definition
axillae and anogenital regions
Term
Apocrine Gland Function
Definition
release pheromones
Term
Sensory Receptors
Definition
Meisner's Corpuscle
Pacinnian Corpuscle
derived from dermis
Term
Meisner's Corpuscles
Definition
senses light touch
Term
Pacinnian Corpuscles
Definition
senses deep pressure
Term
Nails
Definition
derived from epidermis
Term
Skeletal functions
Definition
support
protection
levers for movement
blood formation
calcium storage
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
Dense
Term
Compact Bone location
Definition
on the bone surface, shaft and head
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
AKA cancellous Bone
lines marrow cavities in long bones, heads, middle part of short, flat and irregular bones
Term
Spongy Bone filled with...
Definition
red marrow
Term
Long Bone
Definition
appendages
all bones of limbs except wrist and ankles
Term
Short Bones
Definition
wrist and ankle bones
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Cranium, sternum, ribs
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
vertebrae, pelvis, facial bones
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
shaft
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
head, ends of long bones
Term
Epiphysis contains...
Definition
epiphyseal plate or line
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
holds yellow marrow (within the diaphysis)
Term
Intramembranous Ossification includes
Definition
bones of the skull and clavicle
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
fibrous connective tissue present only 2 months after conception, is ossified
Term
Intramembranous Ossification at birth
Definition
not complete, fontanels remain up to 1.5 years
Term
Intercartilaginous/Endochondral Ossification location
Definition
all the skeleton below the base of the skull (except the clavicle)
Term
Intercartilaginous/Endochondral Ossification uses...
Definition
hyaline cartilage as blueprint for ossification, bones are first formed of hyaline cartilage
Term
Intercartilaginous/Endochondral Ossification at gestation and birth
Definition
at 2-3 months of gestation, ossification begins
after birth, ossification at the secondary ossification centers occurs
Term
Intercartilaginous/Endochondral Ossification - Center of Primary Ossification
Definition
located in the long bones
starting point of ossification
convert the hyaline cartilage into bone
Term
Intercartilaginous/Endochondral Ossification - Center of Secondary Ossification
Definition
develops later in each of the two epiphyses (heads) and are known as the epiphyseal plates
convert the hyaline cartilage into bone
Term
Epiphyseal Plate
Definition
before puberty
Term
Epiphyseal Line
Definition
after puberty
Term
Center of Primary Ossification direction
Definition
spreads towards the epiphysis
Term
Center of Secondary Ossification direction
Definition
spreads towards the diaphysis
Term
The head and the shaft are separated at the end by a cartilage growth place called..., which is the location of the secondary ossification center
Definition
epiphyseal plate
Term
Epiphyseal plate becomes the...
Definition
epiphyseal line.
Term
In long bones, the epiphyseal plate can allow for growth in length for up to ...
Definition
18 years in females and 21 years in males
Term
As the epiphyseal plate becomes the epiphyseal line, 2 things occur
Definition
cartilage growth is slower than bone formation
after epiphyseal closure, the bone can no longer grow in length but can continue to get wider
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Head, Spine, Thorax (chest)
Term
Cranium
Definition
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bones
Temporal Bones
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Term
Face
Definition
Zygomatic Bones
Lacrimal Bones
Nasal Bones
Vomer Bone
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Maxilla
Palatine Bones
Mandible
Term
[image]
Definition
Hyoid Bone
Term
Vertebral Column
Definition
7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
5 Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
Coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
Term
Trunk
Definition
Vertebral Column
Sternum
Ribs
Term
Sternum
Definition
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process
Term
Ribs
Definition
7 True Ribs
5 False Ribs
last two are floating ribs
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Pectoral Girdle
Arms
Pelvic Girdle
Legs
Term
Pectoral Girdle
Definition
scapula - 2
clavicle - 2
Term
Upper Extremity
Definition
Per Arm:
humerous
radius
ulna
carpals - 8
metacarpals - 5
phalanges - 14
Term
Pelvic Girdle
Definition
os coxae 2
Term
Lower Extremity
Definition
Per Leg:
femur
tibia
fibula
tarsals - 7
metatarsals - 5
phalanges - 14
Term
Foramen
Definition
hole in a bone for nerves and blood vessels
Term
Fossa
Definition
a shallow depression
Term
Meatus
Definition
a bone canal
Term
Condyle
Definition
a rounded articular projection
Term
Process
Definition
any bony attachment for muscle attachment
Term
Tubercle
Definition
a small rounded projection or process
Term
Why do children have more bones than adults?
Definition
many of their bones have yet to fused together
Term
Synarthroses
Definition
immovable (fibrous)
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
slightly moveable (cartilage)
Term
Diarthroses
Definition
freely moveable (synovial)
Term
Capsule
Definition
2 layered enclosure of a joint
Term
[image] A
Definition
articular cartilage
Term
[image] B
Definition
Compact Bone
Term
[image] C
Definition
spongy bone
Term
[image] D
Definition
spaces filled with red marrow
Term
[image] E
Definition
marrow cavity filled with yellow marrow
Term
[image] F
Definition
periosteum
Term
[image] G
Definition
epiphyseal line/plate
Term
[image] A
Definition
synovial membrane
Term
[image] B
Definition
articular capsule
Term
[image] C
Definition
articular cartilage
Term
[image] D
Definition
joint cavity containing synovial fluid
Term
Synovial Membrane
Definition
inner layer of capsule, which secretes synovial fluid
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
glossy, smooth hyaline cartilage
Term
Joint Cavity
Definition
enclosed space with synovial fluid
Term
ligaments
Definition
function to reinforce and stabilize the joint
Term
Flexion
Definition
bending movement
Term
Extension
Definition
straightening movement
Term
Abduction
Definition
movement away from the midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
movement towards the midline
Term
Circumduction
Definition
to draw around, moving the distal limb in a circular motion while the proximal end is stabilized
Term
Rotation
Definition
rotates around the long axis of a bone
Term
Supination
Definition
turning palm forward, forearm only
Term
Pronation
Definition
turning palm backwards, forearm only
Term
Inversion
Definition
turning the sole of the foot medially, foot only
Term
Eversion
Definition
turning sole of the foot laterally, foot only
Term
Types of Joints
Definition
hinge
ball and socket
gliding
condyloid
Term
Hinge Joint
Definition
knees, elbows, between phalanges
Term
Ball and Socket Joint
Definition
shoulder and hip
Term
Gliding Joint
Definition
carpals of wrist and tarsals of ankle
Term
Coldyloid Joint
Definition
joints between carpals and metacarpals
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