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A&P Lecture 3
Lecture Exam 1
65
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/03/2019

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Term
Diffusion
Definition
matter moves passively from higher to lower concentrations until equilibrium
Term
Osmosis
Definition
water goes through semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentrations until equilibrium
Term
Hypertonic Solution
Definition
more solute, less water
Term
Hypotonic Solution
Definition
less solute, more water
Term
Isotonic Solution
Definition
equal solute and water
Term
Filtration
Definition
passive movement from greater to lesser fluid pressure
Term
What two processes move materials into and out of the cell?
Definition
Facilitated diffusion and active transport
Term
Carrier Protein
Definition
both facilitated diffusion and active transport require this to move materials into and out of the cell, are embedded in the cell membrane
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
uses carrier protein permease, moves molecules from higher to lower concentrations, does not require ATP
Term
Which mode of transportation of materials into and out of the cell does not require ATP?
Definition
Facilitated Diffusion
Term
Which mode of transportation of materials into and out of the cell does require ATP?
Definition
Active Transport
Term
Active Transport
Definition
uses carrier protein, requires ATP, can move up or down the concentration gradient
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
moving molecules from outside the cell to inside the cell within a transport vesicle, requires ATP
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
"cell drinking", proteins are swallowed by the cell
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
"cell eating", cell engulfs large particles
Term
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Definition
forms vesicles at the cell surface by binding specific molecules (ligands) with receptor molecules
Term
Mitosis
Definition
a means of dividing the cell so that the new cells each receives a full set of duplicate chromosomes, replication of DNA, 1 mother cell = 2 daughter cells with exact copies of the chromosomes
Term
Stages of Mitosis
Definition
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Term
Interphase
Definition
not a stage of mitosis, when duplication of DNA occurs, diploid 2n
Term
Prophase
Definition
nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disappears, centrioles migrate to the poles, chromatin becomes chromosomes
Term
Metaphase
Definition
chromosomes line up at equatorial plate, spindle fibers attach to centromeres, each chromatid faces opposite poles
Term
Anaphase
Definition
centromeres split, chromatids separate and are chromosomes, which are pulled to the poles by the spindle fibers
Term
Telophase
Definition
chromosomes reach poles, nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to re-appear, chromosomes begin to unwind back to chromatin, cytokinesis continues, 2 cells are present
Term
[image]
Definition
prophase
Term
[image]
Definition
metaphase
Term
[image]
Definition
anaphase
Term
[image]
Definition
telophase
Term
Meiosis
Definition
a means of dividing the cell so that each new daughter cell receives 1/2 the full set of chromosomes, has 2 cellular divisions, and 4 cells, daughter cells have 23 chromosomes
Term
How many chromosomes are there at the Interphase stage? Chromatids?
Definition
46,46
Term
How many chromosomes are in the Prophase stage? Chromatids?
Definition
46, 92
Term
How many chromosomes are in the Metaphase? Charomatids?
Definition
46,92
Term
How many chromosomes are in the Anaphase? Chromatids?
Definition
46,92
Term
How many chromosomes are in the telophase? Chromatids?
Definition
46,46
Term
How does Meiosis differ from Mitosis?
Definition
has 2 cellular divisions, creating 4 new cells; chromosomes line up and separate twice making daughter cells with 23, not 46, chromosomes
Term
Epithelium Tissue
Definition
lines hollow structures, covers body surfaces, makes glands, secretes, absorbs, filters, and protects
Term
Glandular
Definition
exocrine and endocrine in function
Term
4 types of Epithelium tissue
Definition
Simple Squamous Epithelium, Simple Columnar Epithelium, Simple Cuboidal Epithelium, Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
single layer, flattened cells, lines body cavities, blood vessels, portions of the kidney tubules, alveoli, and inner lining of cornea; reduces friction, absorption, secretion, filtration
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
single layer, tall, columnar-shaped cells; lines intestines, stomach, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys; protection, secretion, and absorption
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
single layer, cube-shaped cells; lines kidney tubules, makes up glands, ducts, thyroid gland; secretion and absorption, limited protection
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition
multiple layers of flattened cells; located on the surfaces of the skin, lining of the mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina; physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemicals; function is protection
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
cellular component, fibrous component, and ground substance or matrix
Term
Kinda of Connective Tissues
Definition
Loose Connective Tissues or Areolar, Dense Fibrous, Blood, Cartilage, Bone (Osseus), Fat (Adipose)
Term
Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar
Definition
where two tissues are joined together; located around blood vessels and nerves and between skin and muscles; fibroblast cells; cushions organs, provides support but permits independent movement; phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens
Term
Dense Fibrous
Definition
characterized by a fibrous component (collagen);(does not have elastic fibers); provide firm attachment, conducts pull of muscle, reduces friction between muscles, stabilizes position of bones
Term
Irregular Dense Fibrous
Definition
skin
Term
Regular Dense Fibrous
Definition
tendons, ligaments, wraps nerves and blood vessels
Term
Blood
Definition
liquid ground substance, fibrous material shows up during clotting
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells (WBC)
Term
Cartilage
Definition
firm ground substance, no blood vessels, found in respiratory tract, tip of nose and ears, ends of long bones; provide stiff but somewhat flexible support; cell = chondrocyte
Term
Osseous (Bone)
Definition
calcified ground substance; cell = osteocyte
Term
Adipose (Fat)
Definition
characterized by the cellular components; cell = adipocytes; specialized for lipid storage, found under skin, around kidneys, and around the eye; insulate, cushion, and store energy
Term
Muscle Tissues
Definition
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, Nervous
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
voluntary, striated, highly organized contractile elements; attached to the skeleton, movement
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
involuntary, less organized, located in walls of hollow structures (intestines, blood vessels); moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions, controls diameter of respiratory passageways and of blood vessels
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
involuntary, found in walls of the heart, circulates blood, maintains blood pressure
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
communicates iht and coordinates the body; found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves; neurons function of conduct nerve impouses
Term
Epithelial Membranes
Definition
Mucous, serous
Term
Mucous Membrane
Definition
lines cavities or hollow structures that open to the surface of the body (mouth, anus, GI tract, vagina)
Term
Serous Membrane
Definition
line cavities or hollow structures that do NOT open to the body surfaces (thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
Other Membranes
Definition
Synovial, cutaneous, periosteum
Term
Synovial Membrane
Definition
located at freely movable joints
Term
Cutaneous Membrane
Definition
integumentary system, includes the skin, functions to protect and cover the outside of the body
Term
Periosteum Membrane
Definition
covers bone
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