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A&P Lab Review Ex. Ch. 1 & 2
A & P Bio Lab Review 1 Quiz
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
08/10/2015

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Cards

Term
Define 'Anatomy'
Definition
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts.
Term
Define 'Autopoieisis'
Definition
The concept of self-organization and self-maintenance as a characteristic of all living organisms; self-making
Term
Define 'Bilateral Symmetry'
Definition
The concept of the right and left sides the body being approximate  mirror images  of each other.
Term
Define 'Coronal Plane'
Definition

The frontal plane;

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Term
Define 'Homeostasis'
Definition
Relative constancy of the normal body's internal (fluid) environment.
Term
Define 'Hypothesis'
Definition

An idea or scientific concept; usually based on previous ideas or observations, that is proposed as a possible explanation of nature or a natural process.

They undergo intense testing before being accepted widely in the scientific community.

Term
Define 'Metabolism'
Definition
Complex, intertwining set of chemical processes by which life is made possible for a living organism.
Term
Define 'Sagittal Plane'
Definition
Longitudinal plane that divides the body or a part into left and right sides.
Term
Define 'Somatotype'
Definition
The classification of body type determined on the basis of certain physical characteristics.
Term
Define 'Eponym'
Definition
The scientific term based on a person's name
Term
Define 'Pathology'
Definition
The study of diseased body structures.
Term
Define 'Physiology'
Definition
The scientific study of an organism's body function.
Term
Define 'Visceral'
Definition

Relating to the viscera (internal organs);

Toward or on the internal organs (opposite of parietal)

Term
Define 'Atrophy'
Definition

The wasting away of tissue;

decrease in size of a part;

aslso referred to as 'disuse atrophy'

Term
Define 'Endemic'
Definition
Refers to a disease native to a local region of the world.
Term
Define 'Etiology'
Definition
The theory, or study, of the factors involved in causing a disease.
Term
Define 'Positive Feedback'
Definition

Feedback control system that is stimulatory;

tends to amplify or reinforce a change in the internal environment.

Term
Define 'Negative Feedback'
Definition
Feedback control system in which the level of a variable is changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus.
Term
Define 'Idiopathic'
Definition
Refers to a disease of undetermined cause.
Term
Define 'Incubation'
Definition
Early, latent stage of an infection, during which an infection has begun but signs or symptoms have not yet developed in the host.
Term
Define 'Pathogenesis'
Definition
The pattern of a disease's development.
Term
Define 'Symptom'
Definition
Subjective deviation from normal that marks the presence of a disease.
Term
Define 'Syndrome'
Definition
A collection of signs or symptoms, usually with a common cause that defines or gives a clear picture of a pathological condition.
Term
Define 'Anabolism'
Definition

Cells making complex molecules (i.e. hormones) from simpler compounds (i.e. amino acids);

opposite of catabolism.

Term
Define 'Catabolism'
Definition
The breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasmic constituents into simpler compounds.
Term
Define 'Dehydration Synthesis'
Definition

The anabolic process by which molecules are joined to form larger molecules;

often called 'condensation reaction' because it joins molecules together into a denser mass.

Term
Define 'Denature'
Definition
To alter the shape of a protein by a change in pH, heat, or some other manner to change its chemical properties.
Term
Define 'Hydrolysis'
Definition
The chemical process in which a compound is split by addition of H; and OH- portions of a water molecule
Term
Define 'Isotope'
Definition
Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
Term
Define 'Buffer'
Definition
A compound that combines with an acid or with a base to form a weaker acid or base, thereby lessening the change in hydrogen ion concentration that would occur without the buffer.
Term
Define 'Prostaglandin'
Definition
Any of a group of naturally occuring lipid based substances that act in a hormone-like way to affect many body functions including vasodilation, uterin smooth muscle contraction, and the inflammatory response.
Term
Define 'Radioisotope'
Definition
An isotope that is unstable and undergoes nuclear breakdown.
Term
Define 'Decomposition Reaction'
Definition
The chemical reaction that breaks down a substance into two or more simpler substances.
Term
Define 'Ionic Bond'
Definition
Electrocovalent bond; bond formed by transfering of electrons from one atom to another.
Term
Define 'Exchange Reaction'
Definition
Chemical reaction that breaks down a compound and then synthesizes and new compound by switching portions of the molecules.
Term
Define 'Peptide Bond'
Definition
A bond that forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
Term
Define 'Hypercapnia'
Definition
Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood.
Term

What are the steps of scientific inquiry?

(9)

Definition

1. Observations and previous experiments

2. Propose Hypothesis

3. Design Experiment

4. Collect and analyze data

5. Determine if data are biased

6. Refine hypothesis

7. Repeat experiments

8. Accept as theory

9. Accept as law

Term

What are the levels of organization of life?

(7)

Definition

1. Chemical Level

2. Organelle Levels

3. Cellular Level

4. Tissue Level

5. Organ Level

6. Organ System Level

7. Organism Level

Term
What is anatomical position?
Definition
The body is in erect or standing posture, arms to the side, palms forward, with head and feet pointing forward.
Term

What are the body cavities?

(9)

Definition

1. Cranial

2. Spinal

3. Thoracic

4. Pleural

5. Mediastinum

6. Diaphragm

7. Abdonimal

8. Abdominopelvic

9. Pelvic

Term

What are the front body regions?

(17)

Definition

1. Orbital

2. Buccal

3. Mental

4. Cervical

5. Thoracic

6. Axillary

7. Brachial

8. Cubital

9. Abdominal

10. Coxal

11. Antebrachial

12. Carpal

13. Pubic

14. Femoral

15. Patellar

16. Crural

17. Tarsal

Term

What are the back body regions?

(9)

Definition

1. Occipital

2. Cervical

3. Scapular

4. Thoracic

5. Flank

6. Lumbar

7. Gluteal

8. Popliteal

9. Sural

Term

What are the types of body planes?

(4)

Definition

1. Sagittal

2. Midsagittal

3. Frontal

4. Horizontal

Term

What are the types of homeostatic mechanisms?

(4)

Definition

1. Variable

2. Sensor

3. Integrator

4. Effector

Term

What are the basic mechanisms of disease?

(6)

Definition

1. Tumors and cancer

2. Physical and Chemical Agents

3. Malnutrition

4. Autoimmunity

5. Inflammation

6. Degeneration

Term

What are the risk factors of disease?

(7)

Definition

1. Genetic Factors

2. Age

3. Lifestyle

4. Stress

5. Environmental

6. Microorganisms

7. Preexisting conditions

Term
What are the basic principles of chemistry for life?
Definition
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