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A&P Lab pgs28-32
Vertebrae and Thoracic basket
71
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/28/2012

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Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
the 7 superior vertebrae, commonly called the neck vertebrae
Term
atlas
Definition
first cervical vertebra; articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull; the articulation between them allows the head to move up and down as if indicating "yes"
Term
axis
Definition
second cervical vertebra; the articulation between this and the altas allows a back and forth movement as if indicating "no"
Term
odontoid process (dens)
Definition
a peg-like projection from the axis which forms a pivot for the rotation of the head
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
large, single hole in the middle of the vertebrae; the spinal cord passes through this hole chain
Term
centrum or body
Definition
flat, main part of the vertebrae; located anteriorly
Term
spinous process
Definition
posterior projection of vertebrae; sticks off dorsally
Term
transverse process
Definition
two lateral projections coming off the vertebrae
Term
superior articualar processes
Definition
superiorly located surfaces that articulate with more cranially located vertebrae; in the case of the atlas, they articulate with the occipital condyles
Term
inferior articular processes
Definition
inferiorly located surfaces that articulate with more caudally located vertebrae
Term
pedicles
Definition
constricted part of the vertebrae connecting the centrum to the transverse process
Term
transverse foramen
Definition
small hole that penetrates each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae; cranial blood vessels pass through these
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
12 vertebrae that articulate with the ribs
Term
articular facets for ribs
Definition
small smooth surfaces seen on transverse processes and on the centra of the thoracic vertebrae
Term
demifacets
Definition
"half facets" the articular facets that are located on the centra of thoracic vertebrae; the head of the rib articulates with this facet, while the tubercle articulates with the one on the transverse process
Term
vertebral notches
Definition
adjacent to the superior and inferior surfaces of the pedicles; when vertebrae are articulated these form the intervertebral foramen
Term
intervertebral foramen
Definition
holes in between the pedicles of articulated vertebrae which allow for the passage of spinal nerves and vessels
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
5 vertebrae that are the most massive beneath the thoracic vertebrae
Term
sacral vertebrae
Definition
5 vertebrae that are fused to form the sacrum which articulates to the hip bones
Term
centrum or body of sacrum
Definition
flat main part of sacrum located anteriorly
Term
articular surfaces
Definition
lateral portions that articulate with the innominate (hip) bones; rough
Term
neural canal
Definition
hole dorsal to the centrum that allows for the passage of the spinal cord
Term
anterior sacral foramina
Definition
four pairs of holes on anterior aspect for the passage of anterior or ventral brances of spinal nerves
Term
caudal vertebrae
Definition
3 to 5 vertebrae which in the adult fuse to form the coccyx
Term
cervical lordotic curve
Definition
curve of the cervical vertebrae
Term
thoracic kyphotic curve
Definition
curve of the thoracic vertebrae
Term
lumbar lordotic curve
Definition
curve of the lumbar vertebrae
Term
sacro-coccygeal kyphotic curve
Definition
curve of the sacrum and coccyx
Term
sternum
Definition
commonly known as the breastbone
Term
manubrium
Definition
upper part of sternum; articulates with the collar bone and cartileges which extend from the ribs
Term
body
Definition
the central part of the sternum; articulates with cartileges extending from ribs
Term
xiphoid process
Definition
a bony projection from the inferior end of the sternum; in younger specimens this is cartilaginous
Term
costal notches
Definition
indentations on sternum where costal notches from ribs articulate
Term
ribs
Definition
12 pairs in a normal human
Term
vertebosternal ribs
Definition
"true ribs"; first 7 pairs of ribs; costal cartileges end directly on the sternum
Term
vertebrochondral ribs
Definition
one group of "false ribs"; 8th-10th pair of ribs (3 pairs total); costal cartileges end on other costal cartileges
Term
vertebral ribs
Definition
a second group of "false ribs"; 11th and 12th pairs; "floating ribs" because costal cartileges do not reach sternum nor other costal cartileges
Term
head of rib
Definition
proximally located; articulates with demifacets of the centra of vertebrae
Term
neck of rib
Definition
short region spanning from head to tubercle of rib
Term
tubercle
Definition
prominence, which articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebra
Term
shaft of rib
Definition
long region that spans from tubercle to ventral extremity of rib
Term
ventral extremity
Definition
end of rib where costal cartilege is attached
Term
costal cartileges
Definition
found at the sternal end of each rib
Term
pectoral girdle
Definition
composed of the bones belonging to the shoulder area
Term
clavicle
Definition
commonly known as the collar bone
Term
acromial end
Definition
end of clavicle which articulates with the shoulder blade
Term
sternal end
Definition
end of clavicle which articulates with the sternum; triangularly shaped
Term
scapula
Definition
commonly known as the shoulder blade
Term
spine of scapula
Definition
sharp ridge running diagonally from the shoulder blade
Term
acromion process
Definition
at the end of the spine of the scapula; articulates with the clavicle
Term
coracoid process
Definition
beak-like projection
Term
glenoid cavity
Definition
arm socket; shallow depression where upper arm bone articulates
Term
supraspinous fossa
Definition
depression between superior border of the scapula and the spine
Term
infraspinous fossa
Definition
depression below or caudal to the spine; larger than supraspinous fossa
Term
subscapular fossa
Definition
fossa on the opposite side of the scapula than the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa
Term
scapular notch
Definition
depression in superior border of the scapula
Term
pelvic girdle
Definition
consists of the support for the lower extremities; composed of 2 innominate bones
Term
innominate bone (os coxa)
Definition
commonly known as the hip bone; during embryonic life this bone was 3 bones which later fused: ilium, ischium, and pubis
Term
ilium
Definition
upper, flaring portion of innominate bone; more laterally flared in a female than in a male in most cases
Term
ischium
Definition
lower, posterior portion of the innominate bone; part that one sits on
Term
pubis
Definition
medial, anterior portion of the innominate bone; meets its mate from the opposite side
Term
pubic symphasis
Definition
point where the two pubic bones meet
Term
pubic arch
Definition
angle between the two pubic bones just under the pubic symphasis; this angle is less than 90 degrees in males, but is 90 degrees or more in females
Term
iliac crest
Definition
upper, curving boundary of the ilium; part that hands are put on when placing hands on hips
Term
anterior superior iliac spine
Definition
prominent projection at the anterior end of the iliac crest
Term
obturator foramen
Definition
large hole in hip bone; surrounded by pubis and ischium; largest foramen in the body
Term
acetabulum
Definition
hip socket; formed by union of ilium, pubis, and ischium; head of femur fits in this socket
Term
great sciatic notch
Definition
large indentation in the ilium
Term
articular surface for sacrum
Definition
rough area on ilium which articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint
Term
true pelvis
Definition
small circle between inlet and outlet of the obturator foramen
Term
false pelvis
Definition
superior to the true pelvis; the circle that runs along the superior ridge of the innominate bone; also called the greater pelvis
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