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A&P Lab
final
287
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/21/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the function of the vitreous body?
Definition
helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina
Term
the middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the
Definition
auditory tube
Term
the structure that overlies the organ of corti is the
Definition
tectorial membrane
Term
the vascular tunic of the eye provides
Definition
a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply blood tissue in the eye
Term
The tympanic membrane converts sound waves in the external acoustic meatus into
Definition
vibratory waves
Term
what structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
Definition
ciliary body
Term
the part of the eye that determines eye color is the
Definition
iris
Term
the iris controls the ____ of the pupil
Definition
iris
Term
which structure contains the receptors for hearing?
Definition
The organ of Corti within the cochlea
Term
the senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors of the
Definition
inner ear
Term
The ____ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye
Definition
conjunctiva
Term
T/F: The fibrous tunic produces aqueous humor?
Definition
false
Term
The eyelids are known as
Definition
palpebrae
Term
The ___ distribute tears across the surface of the eye to keep it moist
Definition
palpebrae
Term
modified sweat glands located at the base of the eyelashes that help to lubricate the eyeball
Definition
ciliary glands
Term
the cleft between the eyelids
Definition
palpebral fissure
Term
the two points where the upper and lower eyelashes meet
Definition
lateral canthus and medial canthus
Term
fleshy structure in the medial canthus that contains modified sebaceous and sweat glands
Definition
lacrimal caruncle
Term
a thin mucous membrane that covers the underside of the eyelids and reflects over most of the anterior surface of the eyeball
Definition
palpebral conjuctiva
Term
The ___ has glads that secrete mucous to reduce friction and moisten the eyeball surface
Definition
conjuctiva
Term
eyelids have internal ____ of fibrous tissue that give the lid their shape and support
Definition
tarsal plates
Term
____ secrete an oily lubricant to prevent the eyelids from sticking together
Definition
tarsal glands
Term
this muscle raises the upper eyelid
Definition
levator palpebrae superioris
Term
this muscle closes the eyelids
Definition
orbicularis oculi
Term
consists of lacrimal glands, canals, and sacs, and nasolacrimal duct.
Definition
lacrimal apparatus
Term
glands that are superior and lateral to each eyeball and contin 6-12 ducts
Definition
lacrimal glands
Term
deliver slightly alkaline solution to the anterior surface of the eyeball called lacrimal fluid/tears
Definition
lacrimal ducts
Term
antibacterial enzyme from tears that attack any bacteria that may be on the surface of the eyeball
Definition
lysozyme
Term
two small openings of the medial canthus
Definition
superior and inferior puncta
Term
two ducts near the medial canthus which lead to an expanded portion of the nasolacrimal duct
Definition
lacrimal canals
Term
extended portion of the nasolacrimal duct is called
Definition
lacrimal sac
Term
duct that drains the tears of the nasal cavity
Definition
nasolacrimal duct
Term
four straight muscles that move the eyeball up and down and side to side
Definition
superior, inferior, medial, and lateral rectus
Term
muscles that attach diagonally to the eyeball
Definition
superior and inferior oblique
Term
muscle that rolls the eyeball downward
Definition
superior oblique
Term
muscle that rolls the eyeball upward
Definition
inferior oblique
Term
the superior oblique has a tendon passing through the ____ located on the upper orbit
Definition
trochlea
Term
the outermost layer of the eyeball is called ____ because of the abundance of dense connective tissue
Definition
fibrous tunic
Term
the white part of the fibrous tunic that resists punctures and maintains the shape of the eyeball
Definition
sclera
Term
region of the fibrous tunic where light enters the eye
Definition
cornea
Term
border between the sclera and the cornea
Definition
corneal limbus
Term
a small passageway that drains lacrimal fluid into veins in the sclera
Definition
canal of schlemm/scleral venus sinus
Term
second layer of the fibrous tunic and is organized into the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid
Definition
vascular tunic
Term
highly vascularized and contains melanin that absorbs light to prevent reflection
Definition
choroid
Term
anterior part of the uvea that is pigmented
Definition
iris
Term
central aperture of the iris
Definition
pupil
Term
posterior to the iris is the transparent ___, the part of the eye that focuses light
Definition
lens
Term
which muscles within the iris change the diameter of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the lens
Definition
pupilary sphincter and dilator muscles
Term
around the lens the uvea is the wedge shaped enlarged ____.
Definition
ciliary body
Term
adjusts the shape of the lens for near and far vision
Definition
ciliary muscle
Term
a series of folds at the edge of the cilary body
Definition
cilary process
Term
the cilary process has thin ____ that extend to the lens
Definition
suspensory ligaments
Term
innermost layer of the eyeball
Definition
neural tunic
Term
neural tunic is usually referred to as the
Definition
retina
Term
this layer contains the pigmented part, nueral part, and ora serrata
Definition
retina
Term
part that covers the choroid
Definition
pigmented part of retina
Term
contains light sensitive photoreceptors
Definition
neural part
Term
the anterior margin of the retina where the chorid of the vascular tunic is exposed and appears as a jagged edge
Definition
ora serrata
Term
lens divides the eyeball into
Definition
anterior and posterior cavity
Term
the area between the lens and the cornea
Definition
anterior cavity
Term
the area between the lens and the retina
Definition
posterior cavity
Term
anterior cavity is subdivided into
Definition
the anterior and posterior chamber
Term
between the iris and the cornea
Definition
anterior chamber
Term
between the iris and the lens
Definition
posterior chamber
Term
capillaries of the ciliary processes form a watery fluid that s secreted into the posterior chamber and circulates through the pupil and into the anterior chamber
Definition
aqueous humor
Term
a series of small veins that reabsorb the aqueous humor
Definition
canal of schlemm
Term
the ___ helps maintain the intraocular pressure of the eyeball and supplies nutrients to the lens and cornea
Definition
aqueous humor
Term
the posterior cavity contains ____, a clear jellylike substance that holds the retina against the choroid and prevents the eyeball from collapsing
Definition
vitreous body
Term
the neural part of the retina contains sensory receptors called ___ plus two types of sensory neurons
Definition
photoreceptors
Term
sensory neurons within the neural part of the retina
Definition
bipolar and ganglion cells
Term
sensitive to low illumination and to motion
Definition
rods
Term
__ are stimulated by moderate or bright light and respond to different colors of light
Definition
cones
Term
photoreceptors are classified into two types:
Definition
rods and cones
Term
the axons of the ganglion cells converge at the area of the neural part of the retina called ____ where the optic nerve enters the eyeball
Definition
the optic disc
Term
cells that enhance the communication between bipolar and ganglion cells
Definition
amacrine cells
Term
optic disc lacks photoreceptors and is a ____ in your field of vision
Definition
blind spot
Term
area of high cone density lateral to the optic disc
Definition
macula lutea
Term
in the center of the macula lutea is a small depression called the ____ which is the area of sharpest vision because of the abundance of cones
Definition
fovea
Term
to observe the vascularization in the eye, clinicians use a lighted magnifying instrument called
Definition
opthalmoscope
Term
the ____ is the only location in the body where blood vessels may be directly observed
Definition
the retina
Term
the ___ and ____ direct sound waves to the inner ear for hearing
Definition
external and middle ear
Term
the ____ serves the function for balance and hearing
Definition
inner ear
Term
flap of outer ear that funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus
Definition
pinna/auricle
Term
a tubular chamber that delivers sound waves to the tympanic membrane
Definition
external acoustic meatus
Term
a thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue stretched across the distal end of the external acoustic meatus and seperates the external ear from the middle ear
Definition
tympanic membrane
Term
wax secreting cells in the meatus
Definition
ceruminous glands
Term
middle ear is the ____ insode the petrous part of the temporal bone
Definition
tympanic cavity
Term
the tympanic cavity is connected to the back of the upper throat by the ____.
Definition
auditory tube
Term
this tube equilizes pressure between the external ear and the cavity of the middle ear
Definition
auditory tube
Term
three small bones of the middle ear that transfer vibrations from the external ear to the inner ear
Definition
auditory ossicles
Term
auditory ossicle that is connected on one side to the tympanic membrane and on the other side to the incus
Definition
maleus
Term
auditory ossicle that is connected on one side to the maleus and on the other side to the stapes
Definition
incus
Term
auditory ossicle that is connected on one side to the incus and on the other side to the oval window
Definition
stapes
Term
smallest muscle in the body that attaches to the malleus
Definition
tensor tympani
Term
smalest muscle in the body that attaches to the stapes
Definition
stapedius
Term
contains receptors for hearing, located in inner ear
Definition
cochlea
Term
receptive to stationary or static equillibrium, located in inner ear
Definition
vestibule
Term
contain receptors for dynamic equillibrium when the body moves, located in the inner ear
Definition
semicircular canals
Term
outer pipe of the inner ear is called the ____ which is embeded in the temporal bone
Definition
bony labyrinth
Term
liquid of the bony labyrinth
Definition
perilymph
Term
inner pipe of inner ear is called
Definition
membranous labyrinth
Term
liquid of the membranous labyrinth is called
Definition
endolymph
Term
the vestible contains an ____ that drains endolymph into an endolymphatic sac
Definition
endolymphatic duct
Term
location in the inner ear where endolymph is absorbed into the blood
Definition
endolymphatic sac
Term
the membranous labyrinth in the semicircular canals is called
Definition
semicircular ducts
Term
at one end of each semicircular duct is a swollen ____ that houses the cristae
Definition
ampulla
Term
balance receptors housed by the ampulla
Definition
cristae
Term
each crista is composed of heair cells and supporting cells with the cilia of the hair cells extending upward from the crista into the gelatinous material called the
Definition
cupula
Term
in the vestibule, the membranous labyrinth contains two sacs called the
Definition
utricle and saccule
Term
utricle and saccule contain ____ which are receptors that work to maintain static equillibrium
Definition
maculae
Term
the maculae in the vestibule has hair cells that is embedded in gelatinous material.  embedded in the gel are calcium carbonate crystals called
Definition
stataconia
Term
gelatinous material and stataconia in the maculae are collectively called an
Definition
otolith
Term
the ___ contains hair cells that are senstive to vibrations caused by sound waves
Definition
cochlear duct
Term
the floor of the cochlear duct is the ____ where the hair cells occur
Definition
basilar membrane
Term
surrounding the cochlear duct are the ___ and ____ which are part of the bony labyrinth
Definition
vestibular and tympanic duct
Term
this membrane seperates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct
Definition
vestibular membrane
Term
sound waves stimulate the haor cells in the cochlear duct and then pass into the tympanic duct where a second window called ____ stretches to dissipate the wave energy
Definition
round window
Term
the sensory receptor for hearing in the cochlear duct that consists of hair cells and supporting cells
Definition
organ of corti/spiral organ
Term
extending from the wall of the cochlear duct and projecting over the hair cells is the ____
Definition
tectorial membrane
Term
cells that rest on the basilar membrane near the proxmal portion of the tectorial membrane in the spiral organ(organ of corti)
Definition
inner hair cells
Term
cells that form at the tip of the tectorial membrane in the organ of corti (spiral organ)
Definition
outer hair cells
Term
contains cell bodies of sensory neurons in the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Definition
spiral ganglia
Term
the tympanic membrane can be examined with an instrument called an
Definition
otoscope
Term
what are the thre types of muscle tissue?
Definition

skeletal

smooth

cardiac

Term
cells are long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate.  muscle is voluntary.
Definition
skeletal muscle tissue
Term
cells are short, branched, striated, and usually uninucleated. cells are connected with intercalated discs.  muscle is involuntary
Definition
cardiac muscle tissue
Term
cells are short, spindle-shaped, and non-striated, with a single, central nucleus. miscle is involuntary
Definition
smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
Term
attached to bones of the skeletons on one end and muscle tissue on the other.  made of dense regular connective tissue proper.  when the skeletal muscle contracts it pulls on this which in turn pulls and moves the bone.
Definition
tendons
Term
embryonic cells
Definition
myoblasts
Term
muscle fiber's cell membrane
Definition
sarcolemma
Term
skeletal muscle tissue is composed of long cells called ___
Definition
muscle fibers
Term
internal contractile proteins that created striations with a distinct banded pattern
Definition
filaments
Term
the name of a cardiac muscle cell
Definition
cardiocyte
Term
special gap junctions that conduct contraction stimuli from one cariocyte to the next
Definition
intercalated discs
Term
movement of the body
Definition
locomotion
Term
electrical impulses
Definition
action potential
Term
a superficial collagenous connective tissue layer that covers the muscle and seperates it from neighboring structures
Definition
epimysium
Term
the epimysium folds into the muscle and becomes
Definition
perimysium
Term
muscles fibers that are divided into groups
Definition
fascicles
Term
connective tissue fibers that extend deep into the fascicles
Definition
endomysium
Term
the central part of the muscle when it is contracted
Definition
belly
Term
cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle fiber
Definition
sarcoplasm
Term
connect the sarcolemma to the interior of the muscle fiber.  their function is to pass contraction action potential to deeper regions of the muscle fiber
Definition
transverse tubules (T tubules)
Term
inside the muscle fiber are proteins that extend the length of the fiber, arranged in thousands of rods called ____
Definition
myofibrils
Term
each myofibril is surrounded by ____, where calcium ions are stored
Definition
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
branches of the sarcoplasmic reticulum fuse to form large calcium ion storage chambers called ____, which lie adjacent to the T tubules
Definition
terminal cisternae
Term
a sandwich consisting of a T tubule plus the terminal cisternae on either side of the tubule
Definition
triad
Term
thin filaments of skeletal muscle fiber are mostly composed of the protein
Definition
actin
Term
thick filaments of skeletal muscle fiber are mostly composed of the protein
Definition
myosin
Term
filaments are arranged in repeating patterns are called
Definition
sarcomeres
Term
thin filaments connect to one another on the
Definition
z line
Term
z lines are made up of the protein
Definition
actinin
Term
areas near the z line that contain only thin filaments
Definition
I bands
Term
between I bands in a sarcomere is the ____ an area containing both thin and thick filaments
Definition
A band
Term
the edges of the A band are the ____ where the thin and thick filaments bind during muscle contraction
Definition
zone of overlap
Term
the middle region of the A band is the ____ and contains only thick filaments
Definition
H zone
Term
a dense ___ in the center of the A band attaches the thick filaments
Definition
M line
Term
individual spherical molecules like pearls on a necklace in a strand of actin
Definition
G actins
Term
G actins that twist together for an ___ strand
Definition
F actin
Term
The G actins are held in position along the strand of actin by the protein ___
Definition
nebulin
Term
on each G actin molecule is an ___ where myosin molecules from the thick filament bind during contraction
Definition
active site
Term
follows the twisted actin strands and blocks active sites to regulate muscle contraction
Definition
tropomyosin
Term
holds tropomyosin in position and has binding sites for calcium ions
Definition
troponin
Term
a protein called ___ attaches thick filaments to the Z line on the end of the sarcomere
Definition
titin
Term
each myosin head contains a ___ for actin and a region that functions as an ATPase enzyme on a thick filament
Definition
binding site
Term
each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a nerve cell called a ____
Definition
motor neuron
Term
to excite the muscle fiber, the motor neuron releases a chemical message called _____
Definition
acetylcholine (ACh)
Term
the motor neuron and the muscle fiber meet at a
Definition
neuromuscular/myoneural junction
Term
the end of the neuron called an axon expands to form a bulbous
Definition
synaptic terminal/knob
Term
in the synaptic terminal are the ____ that contain ACh
Definition
synaptic vesicles
Term
a small gap that separates the synaptic terminal from the motor end plate
Definition
synaptic cleft
Term
folded area of the sarcolemma separated from the synaptic terminal
Definition
motor end plate
Term
at the motor end plate, the sarcolemma releases into the synaptic cleft the enzyme ____ to prevent overstimulation of the muscle fiber by deactivating ACh
Definition
acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Term
The muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called a(n) ___________.
Definition
agonist
Term
Your little brother just stuck his tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did he use?
Definition
genioglossus
Term
The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________.
Definition
facial nerve
Term
At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.
Definition
attaches to fibers of another facial muscle
Term
The buccinator muscle compresses the __________.
Definition
cheek
Term
The masseter muscle originates on the __________.
Definition
medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch
Term
The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Definition
madibular
Term
The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.
Definition
temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible
Term
The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________.
Definition
trigeminal nerve
Term
Which muscle results in a facial expression of horror and disgust?
Definition
platysma
Term
Name the circular muscle that surrounds the mouth and shapes the lips for speech, food manipulation, and kissing:
Definition
orbicularis oris
Term
Now that you have successfully completed this quiz, you are probably smiling. Which of the following facial muscles contracted to allow this movement?
Definition
zygomaticus major
Term
Which eye muscles are involved in focusing the eye for vision?
Definition
intrinsic eye muscles
Term
The following muscles are all involved in mastication.
Definition
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
masseter
Term
Which eye muscle inserts on the superior, lateral surface of the eyeball?
Definition
superior oblique
Term
Which eye muscle inserts on the inferior, medial surface of the eyeball?
Definition
inferior rectus
Term
The extrinsic eye muscles, or oculomotor muscles, move the ____.
Definition
eyeball
Term
The ____ muscles are located within the eyeball and are involved with vision.
Definition
intrinsic
Term
Which muscle of mastication inserts on the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus.
Definition
masseter
Term
Which muscle opens the jaws and protrudes the mandible.
Definition
lateral pterygoid
Term
Which muscles are responsible for later excursion of the lower jaw (side-to-side movement)?
Definition
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Term
Which of the following muscles elevates the soft palate?
Definition
levator veli palatine
Term
Which muscle of the pharynx originates from the horns of the hyoid bone?
Definition
middle constrictor
Term
Which muscle originates on the soft palate and inserts on the lateral portion of the tongue?
Definition
palatoglossus
Term
Which of the following muscles is NOT classified as a suprahyoid muscle that functions to elevate the hyoid bone or depress the mandible?
Definition
omohyoid
Term
Does the sternocleidomastoid muscle flex the neck to the same side or to the opposite side?
Definition
same side
Term
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?
Definition
closes the eye
Term
Identify the action of the orbicularis oris muscle.
Definition
closes mouth
Term
The platysma muscle depresses which bone?
Definition
mandible
Term
The buccinator muscle acts on which structure of the face?
Definition
cheek
Term
Which bone is elevated by the masseter muscle?
Definition
mandible
Term
The temporalis muscle originates from which of the following structures of the cranium?
Definition
temporal fossa
Term
Name one bone on which the sternocleidomastoid muscle originates.
Definition
sternum
Term
From which two bones does the orbicularis oris muscle indirectly originate?
Definition
mandible and maxilla
Term
the relatively stationary part of the muscle is called the ____
Definition
origin
Term
the opposite end of the muscle from the origin, the part that moves the bone is called the ____
Definition
insertion
Term
The superficial vertebral muscles are the ____ and ____. When the two left splenius muscles and the two right ones contract in concert, the neck is extended.
Definition
splenius capitis muscle and splenius cervicis muscle
Term
When the ___ and ____ muscles on only one side of the neck contract, the neck is rotated laterally and flexed.
Definition
splenius capitis muscle and splenius cervicis muscle
Term
this group of muscles forms the intermediate layer of the back musculature. made up of three subgroups: spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis.
Definition
erector spinae group
Term
this muscle extends the neck
Definition
spinalis cervicis
Term
this muscle extends the vertebral column
Definition
spinalis thoracis
Term
when either of both of these muscles contract, the head is extended. When only one is contracted, the neck is flexed and rotated laterally
Definition
longissimus capitis and longissimus cervicis
Term
Which muscle extends the neck?
Definition
spinal cervicis
Term
Which muscle elevates the ribs?
Definition
external intercostals
Term
The muscles of the torso are all axial muscles (interact with bones of the axial skeleton).
Definition
false, includes both axial and appendicular muscles
Term
The shoulders of the chest and back that act on the shoulder and arm are ____ muscles.
Definition
appendicular
Term
The muscles that extend, flex, and support the spine are located on the ______ surface of the vertebral column.
Definition
posterior
Term
The fibers of the iliocostalis muscle are divided into which three regions?
Definition
lumbar, thoracic, and cervical
Term
The entire length of longissimus muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the
Definition
sacrum
Term
The insertions of the semispinatus capitus are on the __________.
Definition
occipital bone
Term
Acting bilaterally, the splenius capitis __________.
Definition
extends the head
Term
All of the following are intermediate back muscles.
Definition
spinalis thoracis
spinalis cervicis
erector spinae
Term
Which of the following back muscles insert on the mastoid process, occipital bone, and the superior cervical vertebrae.
Definition
splenius
Term
Which muscle originates from the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae?
Definition
longus capitis
Term
The following act to extend the vertebral column EXCEPT .
longissimus thoracis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis thoracis
interspinalis
Definition
spinalis cervicis
Term
Which of the following is NOT a movement caused by contraction of the erector spinae muscles?

Which of the following is NOT a movement caused by contraction of the erector spinae muscles?
Extension of the neck
Flexion of the vertebral column
Extension of the vertebral column
Lateral flexion of the neck
Rotation of the vertebral column
Definition
Flexion of the vertebral column
Term
The spinal flexor muscles that flex and rotate the cervical vertebrae are the __________ and _________. (Mark ALL that apply.)
Longus capitis
Splenius capitis
Longus colli
Iliocostalis cervicis
Longissiumus cervicis
Definition
longus colli
longus capitis
Term
The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________.
Definition
inspiration
Term
The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________.
Definition
forced expiration
Term
The actions of the internal obliques include __________.
Definition
compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration
Term
The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.
Definition
pubic bone
Term
Which of the following muscles change the size of the chest for breathing?
Definition
intercostal muscles
Term
All of the following elevate the ribs EXCEPT .
external intercostals
serratus posterior superior
internal intercostals
scalene
Definition
internal intercostals
Term
Which muscle inserts on the superior border of the inferior rib?
Definition
external intercostals
Term
The internal intercostals muscles ____ the ribs.
Definition
depress
Term
The ____ elevate the ribs. Elevation of the ribs does not compress the abdominal cavity.
Definition
external intercostals
Term
Which muscle expands the thoracic cavity while compressing the abdominopelvic cavity?
Definition
diaphragm
Term
Place the following abdominal muscles in the correct order, from superficial to deep: 1. internal oblique, 2. transversus abdominis, 3. external oblique
Definition
3,1,2
Term
Mike has been training for his bodybuilding competition by lifting weights and doing exercises, such as sit-ups, to get that rippled, "washboard" abdomen look. What muscle provides those "rippled abs" that are sometime called a "six pack"?
Definition
rectus abdominus
Term
Which muscle surrounds the anus?
Definition
external anal sphincter
Term
The pelvic diaphragm is formed mainly by the __________ and the _____________. (Mark BOTH answers.)
Levator ani
Ischiocavernosus
Gluteus maximus
Anal sphincter
Coccygeus
Definition
coccygeus
levator ani
Term
Which muscle inserts on the tuberosity of the radius?
Definition
biceps brachii
Term
Which muscle abducts the joints of the thumb and wrist?
Definition
abductor pollicis longus
Term
The ____ consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor.
Definition
rotator cuff
Term
The muscles of the shoulder anchor the ____ to the scapula.
Definition
humerus
Term
The muscles of the upper ____ function to flex and extend the arm.
Definition
arm
Term
The ____ muscles of the hand are located in the forearm. These muscles flex and extend the wrist and the phalanges.
Definition
extrinsic
Term
All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the
Definition
spinal accessory nerve
Term
The ____ muscle may be separated into all of the following groups: superior, middle, inferior
Definition
trapezius
Term
The origin of the serratus anterior includes __________ ribs.
Definition
8
Term
The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________ to the rhomboid major
Definition
superior
Term
The actions of the rhomboid major on the scapula do not include __________.
Definition
lateral rotation
Term
Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae?
Definition
levator scapulae
Term
Which muscle elevates the ribs during forced inspiration, as during strenuous exercise?
Definition
pectoralis minor
Term
Which muscle appears as fan-shaped wedges of the side of the chest?
Definition
serratus anterior
Term
Which muscles are deep to the trapezius and function to adduct and rotate the scapula downward?
Definition
rhomboid major and minor
Term
The muscles that attach the ____ to the trunk are the trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, and pectoralis minor.
Definition
scapula
Term
Which of the muscles of the pectoral girdle insert on the clavicle?
Definition
subclavius
trapezius
Term
The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________.
Definition
anterior, middle, and posterior
Term
The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________.
Definition
abduct the arm
Term
The ____ consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, and subscapularis (acronym SITS).
Definition
rotator cuff
Term
All of the following muscles help to rotate the ____:
Teres major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Definition
shoulder
Term
The actions of the extensor carpi radialis brevis are localized to the __________.
Definition
wrist
Term
The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________.
Definition
anconeus
Term
What are the three heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Definition
humeral, radial, and ulnar
Term
which nervous system motor fibers which send commands to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands?
Definition
autonomic
Term
What are the ciliated CNS neuroglia cells that play an active role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid?
Definition
ependymal cells
Term
The sheath covering Schwann cells is called the .
Definition
neurilemma
Term
The ____ nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
Definition
central
Term
All spinal nerves are classified as ________________ nerves.
Definition
mixed nerves
Term
The __________________, which is the outer layer of the Schwann cell, covers the ___________________.
Definition
Neurilemma; axolemma
Term
The outer covering of connective tissue that wraps around a nerve is called .
Definition
epineurium
Term
The outer connective tissue layer that bundles nerve fascicles together is called the ______________.
Definition
epineurium
Term
The ____ is the connective tissue layer that separates groups of axons forming nerve fascicles.
Definition
perineurium
Term
The ____ is the layer of connective tissue surrounding the myelin sheath of an individual axon.
Definition
endoneurium
Term
The major muscles of the posterior thigh are collectively called the .
Definition
hamstrings
Term
Which of the following is the largest muscle of the quadriceps group?
Definition
rectus femoris
Term
Which muscle causes a medial rotation of the tibia?
Definition
popliteus
Term
The muscles that move the thigh insert on the _________.
Definition
femur
Term
The muscles that flex the knee are located on the ______surface of the femur.
Definition
posterior
Term
The muscles that move the ankle insert on the __________.
Definition
tarsal bones
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