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A&P Final Note Cards
A&P final study note cards 2012
100
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/05/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

Definition

hamstring muscles

Term

 

 

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?


 

Definition

 

a sarcomere

Term

Oxytocin ________.

Definition

release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

Term

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

Definition

bones and skeletal muscles

Term

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

Definition

True

Term

What are menisci?

Definition

semilunar cartilage pads

Term

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

Definition


thigh adductors

Term

Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

Definition

[image]  

general visceral motor system

Term

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.

Definition

True

Term

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

Definition


  

binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

Term

Tendon sheaths ________.

Definition


act as friction-reducing structures

Term

Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers?

Definition

epithelial tissue

Term

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.

Definition


splanchnic nerves

Term

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

Definition

melanin

Term

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

Definition

perpendicular plate

Term

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

Definition

False

Term

The pituitary gland is housed in the ________.

Definition

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Term

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

Definition

concussion

Term

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

Definition

False

Term

Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.

Definition

False

Term

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

Definition

an agonist

Term

ADH ________.

Definition

is inhibited by alcohol

Term

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

Definition

endocrine

Term

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Definition


Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Term

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

Definition

Synchondroses

Term

Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

Definition

activation of osteoclasts

Term

Which of the following is not a way that sensory receptors are classified?

Definition

sensitivity to a stimulus

Term

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

Definition

bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

Term

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.

Definition


is primarily under parasympathetic control

Term

Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.

Definition

True

Term

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

Definition


Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.

Term

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

Definition

prefrontal cortex

Term

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Definition

True

Term

Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.

Definition

True

Term

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

Definition

amphiarthroses

Term

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

Definition

glucose

Term

Which vertebra does not have a body?

Definition

atlas

Term

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

Definition


nutrition and hormones

Term

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.

Definition

a hypertonic solution

Term

Which bone contains areas of diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a tuberosity near its middle, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone?

Definition

humerus

Term

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

Definition

dorsal

Term

Which statement about malnutrition-induced night blindness is most accurate?

Definition


Vitamin supplements can reverse degenerative changes.

Term

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.

Definition

True

Term

Mitosis ________.

Definition


is division of the nucleus

Term

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

Definition


It does not require a second messenger to effect a response.

Term

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

Definition

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Term

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Definition

production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Term

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.

Definition

False

Term

Lipid rafts, found in the cell outer membrane surface, are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling..

Definition

True

Term

Aldosterone ________.

Definition

functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Term

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

Definition

False

Term

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________.

Definition

generator potential

Term

Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.

Definition

True

Term

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

Definition

quadriceps femoris

Term

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

Definition

False

Term



Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.


Definition

False

Term

White matter is found in all of the following locations except the ________.

Definition

cerebral cortex

Term

Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________.

Definition

second messengers

Term

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

Definition

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Term

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated variety ________.

Definition

lines most of the respiratory tract

Term

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

Definition

epiphyseal plate

Term

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

Definition

False

Term

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

Definition

premotor cortex

Term

As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________.

Definition

outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane

Term


Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Definition

True

Term

Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?

Definition

Delta

Term

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

Definition

colloid

Term

Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds.

Definition

True

Term

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Definition

Schwann cells

Term

Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is primarily stored in muscle tissue only.

Definition

False

Term

The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.

Definition

False

Term

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

Definition

beta 1

Term

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

Definition

the vastus lateralis

Term

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.

Definition

possible activation of several different second-messenger systems

Term

Generalizations that does not describe the cerebral cortex?

Definition

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

Term

 Ceruminous glands are modified merocrine glands.

Definition

True

Term

Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

Definition

True

Term

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Definition

longitudinal fissure

Term

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

Definition

hyoid bone

Term

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acidbased hormones?

Definition

calcium

Term

Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is found in bone?

Definition

blood vessels

Term

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

Definition

True

Term

 

 

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

Definition
multiaxial
Term

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Definition

True

Term

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.

Definition

False

Term

During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

Definition

True

Term

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

Definition

pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

Term

Regarding net diffusion, the greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.

Definition

True

Term

The chemical symbol OO means ________.

Definition

the atoms are double bonded

Term

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

Definition

the patellar ligament

Term

Concentration differences cause ionic imbalances that polarize the cell membrane, and active transport processes.

Definition

True

Term

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.

Definition

False

Term

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

Definition

osteoblast

Term

All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable.

Definition

True

Term

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

Definition

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

Term

The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.

Definition

increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus

Term

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

Definition

synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Term

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

Definition

Synovial

Term

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

Definition

True

Term

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

Definition

False

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