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A&P Final Exam Meds
Medications for the Final Exam
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/06/2018

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Term
Digoxin
Definition
inhibits (slows down) Na+/K+ pump.
Intracellular Na+ accumulates.
Gradient of Na+ across sarcolemma has decreased.
This inhibits Na+/Ca2+ transporter.
Intracellular Ca2+ accumulates.
This increases contraction of heart and therefore cardiac output.
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
triggers the release of glucose from energy stores
beta-1 receptors in the myocardium, resulting in a mild increase in myocardial contractility and myocardial oxygen requirements.
Term
Nitric Oxide
Definition
inhibits platelet aggregation and secretion of platelet contents, many of which cause vasoconstriction.
Term
Diuretics
Definition
inhibit renal tubular reabsorption  reduction of body salts and water; excrete excess fluids and salt (sodium)
Term
Beta blockers
Definition
blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline.
Term
ACE Inhibitor
Definition
produce vasodilation by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor).
Term
Calcium channel blocker
Definition
reduce electrical conduction within the heart, decrease the force of contraction of the myocardium, and dilate arteries.
Term
Bronchodilators
Definition
relaxes smooth muscles of airways.
Term
Anti-Cholinergic Drugs
Definition
blocks the action of acetylcholine(ACE).
Term
Theophylline
Definition
inhibits activity of mast cells, relaxes smooth muscles, reduces muscle fatigue and increase mucocilliary clearance.
Term
Anti-Inflammatory drugs
Definition
stabilize mast cells and prevent release of inflammatory mediators
Term
Leukotriene Modifiers
Definition
one inhibits activity of enzyme required for synthesis of leukotriene, and the other is a receptor antagonist that binds to leukotriene receptors on target cells
Term
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Definition
inhibits trypsin from breaking down elastin fibers.
Term
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)
Definition
an antiplatelet aggregate and is often given to cardiac patients
Term
NSAIDs
Definition
reducing the production of prostaglandins, which promote inflammation, pain, and fever.
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
increase the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions and potassium ions; affected in the PCT and CD, aldosterone inserts more Na-K pumps into the basolateral side of the DCT and to a lesser degree on collecting ducts, also affected by principal cells.
Term
Antidiuretic Hormone
Definition
stimulates the insertion of aquaporin-2 channels into the CD’s principal cells. Effects the collecting duct (intercalated cells), and water moves rapidly through aquaporin’s, which causes filtrate to be more concentrated.
Term
Osmotic diuretics
Definition
prevent water from being reabsorbed.
Term
Loop diuretics
Definition
They inhibit the Na+/K+/Cl– symporters that normally reabsorb these ions. So, Na+ and H2O are excreted.
Term
Potassium-sparing diuretics (aldosterone antagonists)
Definition
They block the effect of aldosterone, and also decreases Na+ reabsorption and decrease K+ secretion.
Term
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANP)
Definition
causes vasodilation of both arterioles which increases blood flow in GFR
Term
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Definition
Inhibits the degradation (breaks down) Acetylcholine
Term
Zoloft
Definition
blocks the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin in the brain, making more serotonin available, resulting in increased serotonin levels in the brain. Eases depression.
Term
Caffeine
Definition
Blocks adenosine’s IPSP ability and makes us more alert.
Term
Enkephalins
Definition
Reduce pain perception by decreasing substance P release; stimulate feelings of pleasure and euphoria
Term
Substance P
Definition
Transmits pain signals from pain receptors to CNS
Term
Botulinum type A toxin
Definition
acts by binding presynaptically to high-affinity recognition sites on the cholinergic nerve terminals and decreasing the release of acetylcholine, causing a neuromuscular blocking effect.
Term
Skeletal muscle relaxant
Definition
Drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. Used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia.
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