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A&P FINAL
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92
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/19/2015

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Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Function: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Location: kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heaert; blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae).
Term
Endothelium
Definition
surrounds the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
Term
Mesothelium
Definition
Makes up the serosa
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Function: secretion and absorption
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Location: kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Function: secretion and absorption
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Location: digestive tract, gallbladder, oviducts, some regions of uterus
Contains microvilli
Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Function: secretion of mucus
Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Location: trachea, upper respiratory tract
Contains cilia
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Location: non-keratinized is found in the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina. Keratinized is found in the epidermis of the skin.
Term
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Function: protection
Term
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Location: ducts of large glands
Term
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Function: protection
Term
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Location: male urethra, pharynx
Term
Transitional Epithelium
Definition
Function: stretches readily
Term
Transitional Epithelium
Definition
Location: lines the ureters, bladder and part of the urethra
Term
Endocrine gland
Definition
Produce hormones and secrete into the bloodstream via exocytosis. These glands are ductless.
Term
Exocrine gland
Definition
Secretes product onto body surfaces or into body cavities. These glands have ducts.
Term
Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles
Definition
Respond to light touch
Term
Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
Definition
Respond to deep pressure when first applied
Term
Bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)
Definition
Respond to deep, continuous pressure
Term
Muscle spindles
Definition
Respond to muscle stretch, length
Term
Tendon organs
Definition
Respond to tendon stretch
Term
Joint kinesthetic receptors
Definition
Include lamellar corpuscles , bulbous corpuscles, tendon organs and free nerve endings
Respond to stretch of articular capsules
Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
Stimulus by mechanical force
Term
Thermoreceptors
Definition
Stimulus by temperature changes
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
Stimulus by light
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
Stimulus by chemicals in solution
Term
Nociceptors
Definition
Stimulus by damaging stimuli
Term
Exteroceptors
Definition
Located in external stimuli
Term
Interoceptors (visceroceptors)
Definition
Located in internal stimuli
Term
Proprioceptors
Definition
Sensory due to change in body position (due to stretching)
Term
Nonencapsulated (free) nerve endings
Definition
Nerves that are abundant in epithelial and connective tissue
Term
Encapsulated nerve endings
Definition
Nerves that are almost all mechanoreceptors
Term
Free nerve ending
Definition
Respond to temperature, chemical change, pain, and pressure
Term
Tactile (Merkel) Discs and Hair Follicle Receptors
Definition
Respond to light touch (nonencapsulated nerve ending)
Term
Olfactory
Definition
I.
Function is smell (sensory)
Term
Optic
Definition
II.
Function is vision (sensory)
Term
Oculomotor
Definition
III.
Function is eye ball movement (motor)
Term
Trochlear
Definition
IV.
Function is eyeball movement (motor)
Term
Trigeminal
Definition
V.
Functions are chewing and eyeball movement (motor) and
Term
Abducens
Definition
VI.
Function is eyeball movement (motor)
Term
Facial
Definition
VII.
Functions are taste (sensory) and facial expressions (motor)
Term
Acoustic (vestibulocochlear)
Definition
VIII.
Functions is hearing and sense of equilibrium (sensory)
Term
Glossopharyngeal
Definition
IX.
Funcitons are taste (sensory) and saliva secretion (motor)
Term
Vagus
Definition
X.
Functions are taste (sensory) and is the main autonomic nerve (motor)
Term
Spinal accessory
Definition
XI.
Function is head and neck movement (motor)
Term
Basement membrane
Definition
point of attachment for ET and CT;
Consists of the basal lamina and reticular lamina
Term
Avascular
Definition
no blood supply
Term
Cilia
Definition
Hair like projections that extend from the apical surface
Term
Microvilli
Definition
extensions of the plasma membrane to increase surface area
Term
Macrophages
Definition
"eats" foreign molecules
Term
Fibroblasts
Definition
secretes fibers until they mature into fibrocytes
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
responsible for immune response
Term
Mast cells
Definition
responsible for inflammatory response
Term
Adipocytes
Definition
fat cells
Term
Areolar Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: wraps and cushions organs; important role in inflammatory
Term
Areolar Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body
Term
Adipose Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: stores fat to use at a later time for energy
Term
Adipose Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Under skin in subcutaneous tissue; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
Term
White fat
Definition
adipocytes that store fat
Term
Brown fat
Definition
found in infants and hibernating mammals
Term
Reticular Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
Term
Reticular Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Lymphoid organs
Term
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles
Term
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
Term
Ligament
Definition
attach bone to bone
Term
Tendons
Definition
attach muscle to bone
Term
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: Withstands tension exerted in many directions
Term
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
Term
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Definition
Function: allows tissue to recoil after stretching
Term
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Walls of large arteries; within walls of the bronchial tubes
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
dense regular CT surrounding the cartilage
Term
Lacunae
Definition
cavities within which chondrocytes are trapped and mature
Term
Hyaline cartilage
Definition
Function: supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushions; resists compressive stress
Term
Hyaline cartilage
Definition
Location: forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx
Term
Elastic cartilage
Definition
Function: maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
Term
Elastic cartilage
Definition
Location: supports the external ear; epiglottis
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Function: tensile strength allows it to absorbs compressive shock
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Location: Intervertebral disc; pubic symphysis; disc of knee joint
Term
Osteon
Definition
fundamental unit of compact bone
Term
Lamella
Definition
rings of hard calcium deposits; bone matrix ring
Term
Lacuna
Definition
cavities that contain osteocytes
Term
Central Canal
Definition
longitudinal through the center of each osteon
Term
Volkmann's Canal
Definition
transverse canals; connect central canals of the osteons
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
run between adjacent lacuna
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
sheets and rods of hardened bone
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle and cardiac msucle
Term
Sarcoplasm
Definition
the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
Term
Albanism
Definition
A genetic disorder where melanocytes don't make melanin
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