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A&P Chapter 5 - General Information
General Information
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2012

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Term
____tissue also lines the inside of organs such as the stomach, heart, intestines as well as the blood vessels
Definition
epithelial
Term
The main function function of epithelial tissue is ____
Definition
protection
Term
What tissue type is
-They are tightly packed together.
-They do not have blood vessels, except in the bowel (the distal portion or end of the large intestine) where capillaries are present.
Definition
Epithelial tissue
Term
Shape of ____ cells
-Squamous = flat
-Cuboidal = cube shaped
-Columnar = column shaped
-Transitional = stretchy and variable shaped
Definition
Epithelial
Term
Arrangement of ____ cells
-Simple = arranged in a single layer
-Stratified = arranged in more than one layers
Definition
Epithelial
Term
the main function of ____ tissue is to "connect" or to hold things together, it has many different forms
Definition
connective
Term
____can be in a liquid form such as blood, in a softer form such as fat (adipose) or in a hardened form (dense) such as bone
Definition
Connective tissue
Term
The cells of ____ are surrounded by an inorganic (non-living) substance called the extracellular matrix (ECM)
Definition
Connective tissue
Term
The ECM is primarily composed of two proteins called ____ and ____ .
Definition
collagen and elastin
Term
What type of tissue is

-Provides structural support and guards against mechanical injuries and stress
-Has more connecting fibers than cells
-Is strong, firm and tough
Examples: tendons, ligaments, bones
Definition
Dense Connective Tissue
Term
What type of tissue is

-Binds and protects the structures of the body
-Has more cells than connecting fibers (opposite of dense connective tissue)
-Is softer, more pliable ("squishy")
-Examples: areolar tissue which is the tissue that holds the organs together
Definition
Loose connective tissue
Term
____ also has the ability to conduct electricity which regulates the normal rhythm of the heart
Definition
Muscle tissue
Term
There are 3 different types of muscle tissue: .
Definition
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
Term
What type of muscle tissue is

-Voluntary muscle movement (able to be consciously controlled)
-Cells are tubular or elongated with many nuclei
-Appear striated (striped)

• Attached to bone, causing movement by contracting and relaxing
Definition
Skeletal Muscle
Term
What type of muscle tissue is

-Involuntary muscle movement (unable to be consciously controlled)
-Cells are spindle-like with one nucleus per cell
-Appear non-striated
-Forms walls of hollow organs (such as stomach and intestines) and blood vessels
Definition
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle
Term
What type of muscle tissue is

-Involuntary muscle movement (unable to be consciously controlled)
-Cells are randomly striated
-Found in heart only
Definition
Cardiac Muscle
Term
____ is a specialized group of cells that sense and respond to changes in the internal and external environment.
Definition
Nervous tissue
Term
The two main types of nerve cells are called ____ & ____.
Definition
neurons and glial cells
Term
What type of nervous tissue is

-Monitor and regulate body functions
-Cells consist of cell body and specialized extensions identified as dendrites and axons
-Vary in length from a less than 3/64 of an inch to almost three feet
-Stop reproducing shortly after birth
Definition
Neurons
Term
What type of nervous tissue is

-Glia means "glue"
-Surround the neurons and hold them in place
-Provide nutrition and protect neurons from bacteria
-Do not carry impulses
Definition
Glial Cells
Term
____ are thin layers of tissue that serve as barrier, covering the body and its organs as well as lining body cavities
Definition
Body membranes
Term
There are two categories of body membranes, ____ & ____.
Definition
epithelial membranes and connective membranes
Term
Epithelial membranes are divided into three groups
Definition
-Cutaneous membrane
-Serous membrane
-Mucous membrane
Term
What type of epithelial membrane is

known as the skin, makes up 16% of total body weight
Definition
Cutaneous membrane
Term
What type of epithelial membrane is

two layer membrane that lines body cavities and surrounds organs such as the heart and lungs; produces a fluid that reduces friction between internal organs
Definition
Serous membrane
Term
What type of epithelial membrane is

lines structures that are open to the outside environment such as the large intestine, mouth, nose, vagina and so forth; has specialized cells that produce mucus which acts as a protective barrier against pathogens
Definition
Mucous membrane
Term
Connective membranes are divided into two groups
Definition
Synovial membrane & Meningeal membranes
Term
What type of connective membrane is

lines the spaces between bones in freely moveable joints; produces a lubricant-type fluid called synovial fluid that reduces friction and eases joint movement
Definition
Synovial membrane
Term
What type of connective membrane is

three layers of connective tissue that line the brain and spinal cord; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), produced in the ventricles of the brain, circulates through the layer that is called the subarachnoid space; CSF cushions the brain and spinal cord
Definition
Meningeal membranes
Term
T/F In the same way that tissues are made up of different types of cells, organs are made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a function that a single tissue cannot do alone
Definition
True
Term
Organs are classified into two groups:
____ & ____
Definition
vital organs and non-vital (regular) organs.
Term
These are the five vital organs that the body needs to maintain life
Definition
heart, liver, lungs, kidney, brain
Term
These are examples of four organs that an individual can live without
Definition
Gallbladder, appendix, spleen, Uterus
Term
What system is made of bones and joints
Definition
Skeletal System
Term
What system is made for muscle movement
Definition
Muscular System
Term
What system is made for the skin and its accessory organs
Definition
Integumentary System
Term
What system is for the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells
Definition
Cardiovascular System -(sometimes called the Circulatory System)
Term
What system is for fighting disease and infections
Definition
Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Term
What system is for replenishing the oxygen supply
Definition
Respiratory System
Term
What system is for responding to the environment
Definition
Nervous System
Term
What system is for the five senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch
Definition
Sensory System
Term
What system is for hormones that regulate bodily functions
Definition
Endocrine System
Term
What system is for digestion and absorption of nutrients
Definition
Gastrointestinal System
Term
What system is for the elimination of liquid waste
Definition
Urinary System
Term
What system is for maintaining the species
Definition
Reproductive System
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