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A+P
Integumentary
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Epidermis
Definition

Superficial layer of epitheleal tissue

 

Keratinized stratified squamous

Term

Layers of Epidermis

(deepest to surface)

Definition

1. Stratum basale

2. Stratum spinosum

3. Strum granulosum

(4. Stratum Lucidum- only in feet and palms)

5. Stratum corneum

Term

Cells of the Epidermis

 

 

Definition

1. Karatinocytes

2. Melanocytes

3. Dendritic or Langerhans cells

4. Tactile or Merker cells

Term

Skin (Integument)

 

composed of 3 layers

Definition

Epidermis

 

Dermis

 

Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer

Term

 

 

 

Keratinocytes

Definition

 

- Procuce the protein Keratin

- Most cells of the epidermis

-Tightly connected by desmosomes

Term

 

 

Melanocytes

Definition

 

- Deepest epidermis (Statum Basal)

- Produce pigment Melanin

- Protect keratinocyte nucleus form uv damage

Term

 


Dendritic (or Langerhans) Cells

Definition

 

 

-Macrophages - immune system

(eat up foreign matter)

Term

 

Tactile or Merkel Cells

Definition

 

 

-Sensory touch receptors

- in Stratum Basal layer

Term

 

Dermis

Definition

- Mostly dense irregular connective tissue

- Fibroblast cells (make collegen and elastic fibers)

-Fibers in matix

- contain nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels

-Contains epidermal hair follicles, oil + sweat glands

 

-Two layers

*Papillary (smallest)

*Retiular (most)

Term



Papillary Layer of Dermis

Definition

 

-Areolar connective tissue with collegen and elastic fibers and blood vessels

- Loose tissue

- very thin top layer that makes your fingertips

Term



Dermal Papillae Layer of Dermis

Definition

 

 

-Superficial peg or wavelike projections

-creates ripples in your skin, ie. fingerprints pushes out the paillary layer

Term

 

 

Reticular Layer of Dermis

Definition

 

-Most of the dermal layer

- Dense irregular connective tissue

- Elastic fibers(stretch and recoil)

-Collagen fibers (strength, resiliency and waterproofing)

Term

 

 

Skin Color

Definition

 

- Melanin (whites to blacks)

- Carotene (yellow/orange)

-Hemoglobin (red)

Term

 

 

Melanin

Definition

 

-Reddish yellow to brownish black

-Produced in melanocytes

-forms pigment shields in the keratinocytes nucleus

- Freckles and moles

-Sun stimulates production

Term

 

 

Carotene

 

Definition

 

- Most obvious in palms and soles

-Accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis

-Converts to vitamin A

Term

 

 

Hair Follicles

Definition

 

-Extend from epidermal surface to dermis

-2 layer wall - parts dermis/epidermis

-Hair Root

-Arector Pili (smooth muscle attached to follicle)

-Hair Shaft (above skin)

Term

 

Nails

Definition

 

-Scalelike epidermis

-Protective covering for fingers and toes

-Contain hard keratin

-NO melanin

Term

 

Sweat or Sudoriferous Glands

Definition

 

-all skin surfaces except nipples and exernal genitalia

-3 million per person

-Two main types

*Eccrine

*Apocrine

Term

 

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Definition

-Most numerous

-Abundant on palms, soles, and forehead

-Ducts connect to pores

-Thermoregulation - regulated by sympathetic nervous system

-Secretion is sweat

Term

 

Appocrine Sweat Glands

Definition

-Auxillary and genital areas

-Sweat + fatty substances +protiens

-Larger than eccrine glands

-Ducts empty into hair follicles

Begin functioning at puberty

 

Modified apocrine glands

*ceruminous glands (ear wax)

*Mammary glands (milk)

Term

 

 

Sebaceous (oil) Glands

 

Definition

-Everywhere BUT palms and soles

-Secrete into hair follicles

-Inactive until puberty (stimulated by hormones)

-Secrete sebum (oily, bacterial, softens hair and skin)

Term

 

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Definition

-Least mailgnant/most common

-Stratum basale cells proliferate and invade dermis and hypodermis

-Cured by surgery in 99% of cases

Term

 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Definition

- 2nd most common type

-Involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

-Usually scaly reddened on scalp, ears, lover lif and hands

-Does metastisize

 

Good prognosis if treated with radiation or surgery

Term

 

 

Melanoma

Definition

 

-Cancer of melanocytes

-Most danerous! metastic and chemo resistant

-Treated by surgery and immunotherapy

Early detection:

*Asymmetry

*Border

*Color

*Diameter

Term

 

1st Degree Burn

Definition

 

-Epidermal damage only

redness, swelling and pain

Term

 

 

2nd Degree Burn

Definition

 

 

-Epidermal and upper Dermal damage

*Blisters

Term

 

3rd Degree Burn

Definition

 

-Entire thickness of skin

*skin gray/white, cherry red or blackened

*Not painful as nerve endings are destroyed

*Skin grafting is usually necessary

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