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A & P 2 Urinary & Metabolism
Anatomy and Physiology 2 Test 3 Chapters 23 and 24
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/03/2014

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Term
glucose
Definition
not normally found in urine
Term
creatinine
Definition
a protein metabolite found in SKELETAL MUSCLE and excreted in urine
Term
na+
Definition
its reabsorption occurs with k+ efflux
Term
Urea
Definition
a detoxified ammonia compound
Term
uric acid
Definition
a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism
Term
juxtaglomerular cells
Definition
specialized baroreceptors (mechanoreceptor)
Term
juxtamedullary nephrons
Definition
long nephrons that deeply invade the medulla
Term
macula densa cells
Definition
specialized chemoreceptors
Term
fibrous capsule
Definition
prevents infection from other areas spreading to kidney
Term
renal fascia
Definition
anchors kidneys
Term
renal medulla
Definition
composed of cone-shaped, dark-red masses
Term
renal cortex
Definition
light tan in appearance and just deep to the capsule
Term
minor calyces
Definition
small cup-shaped structures at the apex of the renal pyramids
Term
renal pelvis
Definition
flat funnel-shaped tube that enters into the ureter
Term
glomerulus
Definition
large knot of capillaries at the beginning of the nephron
Term
renal corposcle
Definition
glomerulus and bowman's capsule, collectively
Term
fenestrae
Definition
the capillary pores of the glomerulus
Term
podocytes
Definition
specialized, branched epithelial cells that cling to the glomerulus
Term
proximal convoluted tubule
Definition
primary site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption
Term
descending limb
Definition
the major substance reabsorbed here is water by osmosis
Term
sodium is reabsorbed actively in this region
Definition
ascending limb
Term
distal convoluted tubule
Definition
sodium and water are reabsorbed under hormonal influence in this region
Term
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Definition
the force of blood against the walls of the glomerular capillaries
Term
colloid osmotic pressure
Definition
force that pulls fluid back into the glomerulus from the capsular space
Term
capsular hydrostatic pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by fluid in the glomerular capsule against the fluids coming out of the glomerulurs
Term
net filtration pressure
Definition
the sum of all the pressures that act at the level of the glomerulus; responsible for the formation of filtrate
Term
myogenic mechanism
Definition
afferent arterioles constrict in response to a rise in blood pressure, thus restricting the flow of blood into the glomerulus
Term
tubulomerular feedback mechanism
Definition
a drop in flow rate through the nephron or a rise in the osmolarity of filtrate
Term
sympathetic branch
Definition
neural control overcomes the renal autoregulatory mechanisms
Term
renin-angiotensin system
Definition
a drop in systemic blood pressure triggers the release of an enzyme by the kidney's the release of the enzyme triggers this regulatory system
Term
adh
Definition
regulates water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule
Term
aldosterone
Definition
promotes reabsorption of sodium at the distal convoluted tubule
Term
renin
Definition
enzyme that catalyzes the formation of angiotensin i
Term
angiotensin ii
Definition
a powerful vasoconstriction that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
Term
ERYTHROCYTES
Definition
usually seen in association with trauma to the kidneys or along the urinary tract
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