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A&P 2 Lab pgs3-6
digestive and respiratory systems 1
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/19/2013

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Cards

Term
parotid gland
Definition
large salivary gland having a lobulated texture and found ventral to the external ear flap
Term
parotid duct
Definition
flat duct which runs from the front of the parotid gland across the masseter muscle and penetrates the upper lip to open into the oral cavity opposite the 3rd upper premolar. Do not confuse it with 2 branches of the facial nerve that run across the masseter
Term
submaxillary, submandibular, or mandibular gland
Definition
second largest salivary gland; seen in the neck region
Term
sublingual gland
Definition
small, oblong salivary gland which abuts against the front of the submaxillary and its duct.
Term
lymph nodes
Definition
numerous smooth-textured structures often mistaken with salivary glands; scattered throughout body, part of the circulatory system
Term
lips
Definition
surround the opening to the oral cavity
Term
hard palate
Definition
forms the roof of the oral cavity; contains portions of the maxillae and palatine bones
Term
palatine rugae
Definition
transverse ridges on the hard palate
Term
oral cavity
Definition
mouth
Term
pharynx
Definition
throat
Term
soft palate
Definition
fleshy extension from hard palate
Term
uvula
Definition
fleshy tab which hangs down from the back of the soft palate (human, not in cats)
Term
vestibule
Definition
portion of the oral cavity between teeth and cheeks
Term
tongue
Definition
muscular structure in the floor of the oral cavity and partially in the throat area
Term
papillae
Definition
elevations of different magnitudes on the dorsal surface of the tongue; more pronounced on the cat than on the human due to the grooming role of papillae in the cat
Term
frenulum
Definition
midventral septum of the tongue
Term
oropharynx
Definition
portion of the throat just ventral to the soft palate
Term
palatine tonsils
Definition
a pair of specially-named lymph nodes found on the lateral walls of the oropharynx, partially embedded in the tonsillar fossa
Term
nasopharynx
Definition
lies dorsal to the soft palate
Term
auditory tubes (eustachian tubes)
Definition
slitlike openings which are observable in the dorsolateral walls of the nasopharynx; connect to the middle ear cavities
Term
laryngopharynx
Definition
small portion of the throat at the end of the soft palate where the oropharynx and the nasopharynx come together; extends to the openings of the voice box and esophagus
Term
larynx
Definition
voice box; walls are composed of rather large pieces of cartilage
Term
epiglottis
Definition
trough-shaped flap in front of the larynx; prevents liquids and solids from entering the larynx; supported by the epiglottic cartilage
Term
trachea
Definition
windpipe; held open by incomplete (C-shaped) rings of cartilage; continues caudally from the larynx
Term
esophagus
Definition
collapsed, muscular tube found dorsal to the trachea
Term
gullet
Definition
opening into the esophagus
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
paired lobes on either side of the trachea just caudal to the larynx; part of the endocrine system
Term
intrinsic larynx muscles
Definition
muscles running between the various cartileges which compose the voice box
Term
thyroid cartilege
Definition
large cartilege easily seen form the ventral view of the voice box; Adam's apple
Term
cricoid cartilage
Definition
just caudal to the thyroid cartilege; from a ventral view, it does not appear to be large; however, if this cricoid cartilage is followed around to the dorsal side, it can be seen to expand considerably
Term
arytenoid cartilages
Definition
small triangular cartileges which are covered with epithelial tissue and are located dorsally on either side of the glottis
Term
glottis
Definition
opening between the arytenoid cartilages
Term
true vocal cords
Definition
a pair of light-colored folds which extend from the arytenoids to the thyroid cartilage
Term
false vocal cords
Definition
a pair of less well-defined folds just cranial to the true vocal cords
Term
diaphragm
Definition
forms a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities; extremely important for respiration: when it contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity is increased, which in turn allows the lungs to expand
Term
right lung (right pulmo)
Definition
fills the right pleural cavity; is divided into 4 lobes in the cat: cranial (anterior), middle, caudal (posterior), and accessory (which lies dorsal to the posterior vena cava)
Term
parietal pleura
Definition
shiny, serous membrane on the outer surface of the lung
Term
root of the lung
Definition
medial region fo the lung where structures (primary bronchus and pulmonary vessels) enter and leave the lung; the 2 pleural membranes are continuous with each other at the root of the lung
Term
mediastinum
Definition
the potential space between the right and left pleural cavities extending from the breastbone to the vertebral column; all of the chest structures except the lungs and pleural membranes are contained in it
Term
pleural fold (mediasitnal septum)
Definition
delicate, transparent structure which runs from the ventral surface of the heart area to the breastbone. can be seen separating the right pleural cavity from the left pleural cavity
Term
left lung
Definition
fills the left pleural cavity; is divided into three lobes in the cat: cranial (anterior), middle, caudal (posterior). Slightly smaller than the right due to the placement of the heart
Term
thymus gland
Definition
actually a portion of the endocrine and lymph systems; irregular mass of glandular tissue in the midline just cranial to the heart
Term
phrenic nerves
Definition
whitish strands which pass ventral to the root of the lung and extend to the diaphragm; the right is close to the posterior vena cava, the left can be located passing through a portion of the pleural fold; originate from the 5th and 6th cervial spinal nerves
Term
aorta
Definition
large artery seen adjacent and just dorsal to the esophagus
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