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A+P2 Lecture
test 1
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/12/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
eucoelomate
Definition

animal with a tube within a tube arrangement with 2 openings

Ex. humans earthworms etc. 

Term
coelom
Definition
macroscopic body cavity between body wall and inner organs(not the cavity within a organ)
Term
eucoelom
Definition
eu=true, coelom=space between body wall and inner organs...
Term
eucoelom or true coelom
Definition
where the coelom(body cavity) is completely lined with membraneous mesentery.
Term
3 examples of membraneous double layered sacs
Definition

pericardium-surrounds heart

peritoneum-largest, lines abdominal wall and organs

pleura-surrounds lungs 

Term
2 layers of double layered sac
Definition

parietal or outer layer

and

viseral or inner layer..attaches directly to wall of organ you are talking about. 

Term
viscera
Definition
name for internal organs
Term
3 organic components of food
Definition
proteins ,carbs(starch+sugar) , and fats(aka lipids)
Term
byproducts of digestion for 3 components are:
Definition

amino acids,monosaccharides or simple sugars and fatty acids and glycerin

SIMPLE SOLUBLE AND DIFFUSABLE SUBUNITS 

Term
hydrolysis
Definition

where the original substance is broken down into simplier substances by the addition of a microscopic molecule of water to the chemical bonds of the original substance.

REQUIRES ENERGY FROM ATP 

Term
ORAL CAVITY aka BUCCAL CAVITY or MOUTH
Definition

3 pairs salivary glands secrete saliva via ducts into mouth.(paratoid,sublingual,submandibular)

a quart a day of saliva 

Term
paratoid gland
Definition
largest salivary gland anterior/ inferior to each ear
Term
submandibular
Definition
located in lower jaw next to angle of each mandible
Term
sublingual
Definition
smallest salivary glands, lower jaw under tounge in front of submandibular
Term
saliva
Definition

aqueous solution, slightly acidic pH ~6.25-6.85

contains metals and nonmetals and digestive enzymes

ex.potassium, sodium , polyatomic ions etc. 

Term
digestive enzymes in saliva
Definition

lingual lipase-produced by glands in tounge, not very active here works better in stomach

salivary amylase-works well on carbs if kept in mouth long enough breaks down into disaccharides. 

Term
other salivary enzymes
Definition

lysozyme-kills bacteria

immunoglobulin A IgA-antibody that helps prevent certain bacteria from attaching to wall of mouth. 

Term
most common antibody immunoglobulin
Definition

IgG

2nd is IgA 

Term
controls amount of saliva we have
Definition
nervous system
Term

Born with buds for 2 sets of teeth:

 

Definition

baby/primary/deciduous/milk

20 of these, come in at 6-7 months. all by 2 yrs

adult/secondary

32 in total start coming in at 6-7 yrs all are in by our 20s 

Term
enamel
Definition
hardest most stable tissue in your body
Term
accessory organs
Definition
teeth,tounge,salivary glands, liver,gallbladder,pancreas,appendix
Term
carries or cavities
Definition
more than 700 microorganisms in mouth, some bacteria via fermentation of glucose, sucrose or simple carbs produce organic acids that put holes in the enamel of our teeth
Term
pharynx
Definition

aka THROAT

no chemical changes of food take place here 3 parts, 5 in long

-superior nasopharynx

middle part oropharynx

-inferior part larynopharynx 

Term
Esophagus
Definition
10 in tube, connects pharynx to stomach, esophagus to stomach via esophageal spincter, has skeletal muscle and moves via peristalsis, no chemical food changes take place
Term
peristalsis
Definition

muscular contractions in walls of digestive organs that move food at appropriate rate through 30 ft of digestive tract.

 

Term
muscle types in digestive tract
Definition

upper 3rd(mouth,esophagus and pharynx) =skeletal muscle

lower 2/3 rds(stomach, small and large intestine, rectum and anus) smooth or visceral muscle 

Term
Stomach
Definition

1st major organ of digestion, jshaped ~ 1 foot long, located in upper left quadrant of abdomen.

1st organ that has separate digestive enzymes for all three.

works on food ~ 1-3 hrs (w/fat 2-6)

major barrier prevents pathogens with HCL and gastric juice 

Term
Hydrocholoric Acid
Definition
HCL pH ~ 1.5-2, very acidic
Term
Rugae
Definition
non permanent circular folds macroscopic in inner lining of stomach, increase surface area
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