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A&P 1 niacc
A&P 1 niacc
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/09/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Carbohydrate "types"
Definition

Monosaccharides

 

Disaccharides

 

Polysaccharides

Term
Monosaccharides
Definition

-Pentose sugars

~Deoxyribose - sugar in DNA

~Ribose - sugar in RNA

 

 

- hexose sugars

~ Glucose - blood sugar

~Glactose

~ Fructose

Term
Disaccharides
Definition

- Sucrose = glucose + fructose (table sugar)

 

-Lactose = glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

 

- Maltose = glucose + glucose

Term
Polysaccharides
Definition

- Cellulose (plant cell wall material, fiber)

 

-Starch (plant energy storage)

 

-Glycogen (animal short-term energy storage)

Term
Lipids (types)
Definition

-triglycerides

 

-phospholipids

 

- steroids

Term
Triglycerides (fats and oils)
Definition

-function in long-term energy storage

 

-Components

1 glycerol 3 fatty acids

 

- Fatty acids ( and triglycerides) may be saturated unsaturated

 

. Saturated = no double bonds

. Unsaturated = double bonds

. Polysaturated = numerous double bonds

Term
Phospholipids
Definition

Form the cell membrane and membranous cell structure (nucleus and organelles)

 

Components

 

One glycerol,

Two fatty acids,

One phosphate group

 

Regions

Hydrophilic polar "head"

Hydrophobic nonpolar "tail"

Term
Steroids
Definition

- Cholesterol is found in cell membranes is a precursor in the production of sex hormones

 

- always has a backbone of four carbon rings with functional groups attached

Term
Phospholipid "make up"
Definition

Hydrophilic head

 

 

Choline
phosphate
glycerol

 

Hydrophobic head

 

 

Fatty acid

 

Together they're known as a "phospholipid bilayer"

Term
Proteins
Definition

 • consist of subunits called amino acids

 

• most functionally diverse group of organic chemicals

 

• structural e.g. Collagen, keratin

•Hormones e.g. Insulin

•Antibodies

•Transport - e.g. Hemoglobin

•Contractile- actin, myosin

•Enzymes - lactase

 

Term
Amino acid structure
Definition

• amino

• Hydrogen

• Carboxyl (acid)

• R-group (variant)

Term

Terminology

 

 

•Dipeptide

•Peptide

•Polypeptide

•Protein

Definition

• dipeptide - 2 amino acids

• peptide - a few amino acids

• polypeptide - many amino acids

• protein - 1 or more polypeptide that perform a specific function

Term
levels of protein structure
Definition

Primary

•sequence of amino acids



Secondary

•hydrogen bonding between amino acids

Types

•Alpha helix

•beta pleated sheet

 

 Teriary

• hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding between amino acids produced in 3-D arrangement of the secondary structures

 

Types

• globular

• fibrous

 

 

Quaternary


• two or more phospholipids connect

Term
Nucleic acids
Definition

Deoxribosenucleic acid (DNA)

 

• hereditary material that stores instructions for the production of proteins and RNA molecules that are responsible for our inherited traits

 

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

 

• Molecules that change genetic instructions into physical characteristics (gene expression)

 

 

 

 

Term
Nucleotide "make up"
Definition

•Phosphate group

•sugar

•nitrogenous base

Term
List of polymers
Definition

Nucleaic acid

DNA RNA

 

proteins

polypeptide

 

triglycerides

 

polysaccharide

(cellulose starch)

 

glycogen

Term
List of monomers
Definition

Nucleotides

 

Amino acids

 

One glycerol

2 fatty acids

 

Monosaccharides

glucose

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