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A&P 1 Final
Final exam questions
150
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/15/2013

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Cards

Term
The system that supports and protects the body is the?
Definition
skeletal system
Term
The system that contains cartilage is the?
Definition
skeletal system
Term
Which of the following would have a positive charge?
Definition
a proton
Term
Which of the following would have the smallest size?
Definition
a proton
Term
If a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms a what is formed?
Definition
single covalent bond
Term
The most important fuel for the human body is?
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
A solution containg more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is?
Definition
basic
Term
A polysaccharide that can be used as fuel is stored in muscles and the liver is
Definition
glycogen
Term
Exaggeration of the initial stimulus best describes a?
Definition
positive feedback system
Term
What is the 5th level of organization?
Definition
organ system
Term
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by?
Definition
the number of electrons
Term
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, the two atoms unite, and form?
Definition
an ionic bond
Term
The process by which solid objects are transported into the cell is called?
Definition
phagocytosis
Term
In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the?
Definition
hydrogen bond
Term
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
Definition
produces energy
Term
The movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to low concentration represents?
Definition
diffusion
Term
The removal of water during a synthesis reaction best describes?
Definition
dehydration
Term
Water moves across a membrane to the higher concentration of solute in the process known as?
Definition
osmosis
Term
Ionic bonds are formed when?
Definition
electrons are transferred
Term
Ions with a positive charge are called?
Definition
cations
Term
Most of the ATP is produced in the?
Definition
mitochondria
Term
A solution that contains a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is called?
Definition
hypertonic
Term
The most common lipid in the body is/are?
Definition
triglycerides
Term
The molecules that store our genetic information are the?
Definition
nucleic acids
Term
Crenation (cell shrinkage) occurs when ablood cell is placed in a?
Definition
hypertonic solution
Term
Which of the following substances would be the most acidic?
Definition
lemon juice = pH 2
Term
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the?
Definition
integumentary system
Term
Each amino acid differs from another in the?
Definition
nature of the R group
Term
Long carbon chains that are saturated with hydrogen best describes a?
Definition
saturated fat
Term
Chemical reactions that occur in the human body are controlled by special catalyses called?
Definition
enzymes
Term
Whic of the following vitamins is not fat soluble?
Definition
Vitamin B
Term
The plasma membrane is a?
Definition
bilayer of phospholipids
Term
Locomotion and the production of heat are functions of the?
Definition
muscular system
Term
Collections of specialized cells that perform a relatively limited number of functions are called?
Definition
tissues
Term
The nucleus stores the DNA needed to synthesize what in the cytoplasm?
Definition
proteins
Term
The most abundent element in the human body is?
Definition
oxygen
Term
Amino acids use what type of bond to form larher protein molecules?
Definition
peptide
Term
Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is?
Definition
negatively charged
Term
Elements that have full out shells of electrons are?
Definition
stable
Term
Which of the following statements about water is not correct?
Definition
has a relatively low heat capacity
Term
If a cell lacked ribosomes it would not be able to?
Definition
make proteins
Term
Compounds that are very complex in structure are besy described as?
Definition
organic
Term
Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions are called?
Definition
enzymes
Term
Cell membranes are said to be?
Definition
selectively permeable
Term
A solute that requires a carrier to cross the cell membrane represents?
Definition
facilitated transport
Term
The base adenine would pair with a nuceotide containg the base?
Definition
thymine
Term
The alpha-helix is an example of what type of structure of a protein?
Definition
secondary
Term
Which of the following does not affect diffusion?
Definition
time of day
Term
A substance containing atoms of different elements that are bonded together is called a?
Definition
compound
Term
The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of?
Definition
positive feedback
Term
The integumentary system includes all of the following except for?
Definition
muscle
Term
Your skin is best described as what type of membrance?
Definition
cutaneous
Term
thin skin is found everywhere except for the?
Definition
palms of hands
Term
what does thin skin have that thick skin doesn't?
Definition
hair
Term
which layer of epidermis is missing in thick skin?
Definition
none
Term
arrector pili muscles can be associated with?
Definition
freezing water
Term
functions of the skin include all of the following except for?
Definition
vitamin e syntesis
Term
thermoregulation is accompanied by using which of the following?
Definition
sweating
Term
the integumentary system provides protection by all of the following except for?
Definition
beta carotene
Term
which of the following is not considered to be a cutaneous sensation?
Definition
vision
Term
the loss of body fluids through the skin on a daily basis is called?
Definition
insensible perpiration
Term
waste products and toxins can be removed from our bodies through?
Definition
excretion
Term
which of the following vitamins would find it difficult to pass through the skin?
Definition
vitamin b
Term
too much UV light (sunlight) will result in?
Definition
increased melanin
Term
true skin contains what?
Definition
epidermis and dermis
Term
skin is considered an?
Definition
organ
Term
cells responsible for producing a waterproof barrier for the skin are the?
Definition
keratinocytes
Term
your skin color is the result of
Definition
melanin
Term
keratizazation usually begins in the stratum?
Definition
basale (germinativum)(none of the above on the test)
Term
cells _______ the straum _______ are "dead"?
Definition
above/granulosum
Term
typically all the glands and some sensory receptors are found in the?
Definition
dermis
Term
stretch marks have another name, what is it?
Definition
striae
Term
turning blue can be cool if you are into?
Definition
cyanosis
Term
a skin lesion has rough borders and a multicolored pigmentation, you should probably?
Definition
see a doctor
Term
johnny burns his head and front torso, the blisters are fun to look at, johnny has a ______ degree burn on _____ of his body?
Definition
second/27%
Term
the study of bones is called?
Definition
osteology
Term
_____ is/are also included with the skeletal system?
Definition
cartilage
Term
which of the following is not a function of bone?
Definition
fracture
Term
red bone marrow is found primarly in?
Definition
children
Term
the patella is classified as a?
Definition
sesamoid bone
Term
the growth plate can be found in _________ of a long bone?
Definition
metahysis
Term
evidence of an epiphyseal line indicates that?
Definition
this is an adult
Term
articular cartilage is made from?
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
all long bones will have _____ and _____ epiphysis?
Definition
1 diaphysis / 2
Term
functions of the perioteum include all of the following except for
Definition
bone growth in length
Term
minerals provide _____ while collagen provides ______?
Definition
hardness/strength
Term
the ______ is found around the nedullary cavity while the ______ is found covering the surface of the bone?
Definition
endosteum/periosteum
Term
_____ produce new bone tissue?
Definition
osteoblasts
Term
_____ live inside a lacunae?
Definition
osteocytes
Term
the basic funstional unit of bone is the?
Definition
osteon
Term
90% of all compact bone can be found in the?
Definition
diaphysis
Term
canals that run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone are called?
Definition
perforating canals
Term
the llamellae located next to the periosteum is the?
Definition
outer circumferential llamellae
Term
spongy bone can withstand forces that arrive from?
Definition
multiple directions
Term
MOST spongy bone is found in the?
Definition
epiphysis
Term
most bones form using?
Definition
endochondral ossification
Term
growth of the bond in diameter represents?
Definition
appositional growth
Term
a pott's fracture involves the?
Definition
ankle
Term
a closed fracture is known as a?
Definition
simple fracture
Term
to increase blood calcium levels, I should increase the amount of?
Definition
parathyroid hormone
Term
the sliding interaction between actin and myosin is responsible for?
Definition
muscle contraction
Term
at rest, the myosin binding site on actin is covered by?
Definition
tropomyosin
Term
each skeletal muscle cell is controlled by a neuron at the?
Definition
neuromuscualr junction
Term
the ____ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine?
Definition
synaptic end bulb
Term
the space between the neuron and the muscle is the?
Definition
synaptic cleft
Term
_____ is used to send a signal deep into the muscle cell?
Definition
sodium
Term
the ___ contains receptors for acteylcholine?
Definition
motor end plate
Term
lighter bands of the muscle fibers contain?
Definition
thin filaments
Term
the terminal cisternae contains extremely high levels of?
Definition
calcium
Term
the sarcomere runs from?
Definition
z line to z line
Term
the word muscle is derived from the latin word meaning?
Definition
mouse
Term
the type of muscle that is voluntary and striated is most likely?
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
all of the following are functions of muscle except for?
Definition
sense of balance
Term
the ability to stretch without damage best describes?
Definition
extensibility
Term
the ability to return to the original shape after stretching best describes?
Definition
elasticity
Term
the ____ holds muscles with similar function together?
Definition
deep fascia
Term
the ___ is a connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle cells?
Definition
perimysium
Term
the channel thru which signals are sent deep into the muscle cell is the?
Definition
t-tubule
Term
a couple of terminal cisternae and a t-tubule best describes a?
Definition
triad
Term
the area of myofilaments that contain only thick filaments is the?
Definition
H zone
Term
crossbridges are nothing more than?
Definition
myosin heads
Term
troponin has the ability to receive?
Definition
calcium
Term
the myosin heads must be recharged with _____ in order for them to detach from actin?
Definition
ATP
Term
most of the ATP produced in the body is from ____ respiration?
Definition
aerobic
Term
the calcium pumps used to remove calcium from the myofilaments run on?
Definition
ATP
Term
the more muscle cells that are recruited the _____ the precision?
Definition
lesser
Term
the frequency of stimulation on a motor unit really has no affect on the tension it can generate?
Definition
false
Term
a single neuron can stimulate hundreds of muscle cells?
Definition
true
Term
most normal muscle contractions require _____ tetanus?
Definition
fused
Term
_____ isotonic contractions involve the muscle lengthening?
Definition
eccentric
Term
the process by which muscles grow best describes?
Definition
hypertrophy
Term
there are ____ pairs of cranial nerves?
Definition
12
Term
sensory receptors ____ included in the nervous system?
Definition
are
Term
the sensory division has another name, it can also be called the ____ division?
Definition
afferent
Term
information traveling towards the brian best describes the?
Definition
afferent division
Term
all of the following are included in the CNS except for?
Definition
cranial nerves
Term
the somatic motor commands will control ____ muscle?
Definition
skeletal
Term
special senses are classified as part of the _____ nervous systems?
Definition
somatic
Term
sweat glands are controlled via the _____ nervous system?
Definition
autonomic
Term
to increase heart rate during an emergency the ___ nervous system should be activated?
Definition
sympathetic
Term
these cells can not reproduce but can send signals?
Definition
neurons
Term
these cells can be found in the eyes and special senses?
Definition
bipolar
Term
what cell type found in the CNS can be used for sending motor commonds?
Definition
multipolar
Term
white matter contains _____ neurons?
Definition
myelinated
Term
these cells are used to produce cerebrospinal fluid?
Definition
ependymal
Term
the cells used to produce the myelin sheath in the PNS are the?
Definition
schwann cells
Term
the inside of the spinal cord contains ____ matter?
Definition
gray
Term
axoplasm can be found in all cell bodies of motor neurons?
Definition
false
Term
the axolemma is the cell membrane that covers the axons of neurons?
Definition
true
Term
not all motor units are active all the time?
Definition
true
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