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A&P 1 Chapter 7
Skeleton
112
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/13/2020

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Term
What are the 8 bones of the cranium
Definition
the paired parietal
paired temporal bones
frontal bone
occipital
ethmoid
sphenoid
Term
All the bones of the adult skull are joined by immovable sutures except for...
Definition
the temporomandibular joints
Term
The skull is formed by how many bones?
Definition
22
Term
the _________ forms the vault and base of the skull, which protect the brain.
Definition
cranium
Term
the facial skeleton provides openings for the ____________ and _____________ passages and attachment points for facial muscles.
Definition
respiratory and digestive passages
Term
How many facial bones are there?
Definition
14
Term
The 14 bones of the face are:
Definition
paired maxillae
paired zygomatics
paired nasals
paired lacrimals
paired palatines
paired inferior nasal conchae
mandible
vomer
Term
The _______ bone, supported in the neck by ligaments, serves as an attachment point for tongue and neck muscles.
Definition
hyoid
Term
What are complicated bony regions formed of several bones?
Definition
The orbits and nasal cavity.
Term
____________ ____________ occur in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones.
Definition
paranasal sinuses
Term
the ______________ skeleton forms the longitundinal axis of the body.
Definition
axial
Term
The principal subdivisions of the axial sekelton are...
Definition
skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Term
the axial skeleton provides _______ and ______
Definition
support and protection
(by enclosure)
Term
the appendicular skeleton consists of:
Definition
the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limbs.
Term
The ________ ________ allows for mobility for manipulation and locomotion.
Definition
appendicular skeleton
Term
the skeleton is structured from ___ bones segregated into three major regions: the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Definition
80
Term
The axial skeleton protects the ______, _______ _______, and _________________ in the _________.
Definition
brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the thorax
Term
appendicular skeleton allows us to interact with and manipulate our environment, are appended to the axial skeleton, which are:
Definition
arms, legs, pelvis, pectoral girdle - everything that is not the skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column, and sacrum.
Term
the vertebral column is a ______, ______ support structure
Definition
flexible, curved
Term
The vertebral column includes:
Definition
24 moveable vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar), the sacrum, and the coccyx
Term
The fibrocartilage intervertebral discs act as _________ _______ and provide _________ to the vertebral column.
Definition
shock absorbers, flexibility
Term
______________ increase spine flexibility.
Definition
curvatures
Term
the thoracic and sacral curvatures are posteriorly __________
Definition
convex
Term
the cervical and lumbar curvatures are posteriorly _______
Definition
concave
Term
With the exception of _____ and _____, all vertebrae have a body, two transverse processes, two superior and two inferior articular processes, a sinous process, and vertebral arch
Definition
C1 and C2
Term
Special features distinguish the ____________________ vertebrae
Definition
regional
Term
The thoracic cage is the ________ __________ of the chest
Definition
bony structure
Term
The skull consists of 8 _____________ ___________ and 14 ___________ ___________
Definition
cranial bones, facial bones
Term
The bones of the thoracic cage include the ____ _____ _____, the ______, and the _______ _________.
Definition
12 rib pairs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae
Term
the thoracic cage protects ______
Definition
the organs of the thoracic cavity.
Term
The sternum consists of the _____ ______, ___, and _____ _______.
Definition
fused manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Term
The first seven rib pairs are called _____ ____; the rest are called ______ _____
Definition
true ribs, false ribs
Term
Ribs 11 and 12 are _________ __________
Definition
floating ribs
Term
Each pectoral girdle consists of one _____ and one ____
Definition
clavicle, scapula
Term
The pectoral girdles attach the ______ ______ to the _______ ________.
Definition
upper limbs, axial skeleton
Term
the clavicles hold the _______ laterally away from the ______
Definition
scapulae, thorax
Term
The sternoclavicular joints are the only attachment points of the _____ ______ to the _____ _____
Definition
pectoral girdle, axial skeleton
Term
the scapulae articulate with the _____ and with the _____ _____ of the arms.
Definition
clavicles, humerus bones
Term
the upper limb consists of:
Definition
the arm, forearm, and hand
Term
each upper limb consists of _____ bones and is specialized for _________
Definition
30, mobility
Term
the skeleton of the arm is composed solely of the _____________
Definition
humerus
Term
the skeleton of the forearm is composed of the ______ and _____
Definition
radius, ulna
Term
the skeleton of the hand consists of:
Definition
the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
Term
the hip bones attach to the _______, forming the ______ _______
Definition
sacrum, pelvic girdle
Term
the ______ _____ is a heavy structure specialized for weight-bearing
Definition
pelvic girdle
Term
the _______ _____ is composed of two hip bones and the sacrum.
Definition
pelvic girdle
Term
the pelvic girdle is composed of two _____ _______ and the ______
Definition
hip bones, sacrum
Term
_________ __________ secures the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Definition
pelvic girdle
Term
EAch hip bone consists of three fused bones:
Definition
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Term
the acetabulum occurs at the _______ __ _______
Definition
point of fusion
Term
the _______ is the superior flaring portion of the hip bone
Definition
ilium
Term
EAch ilium forms a ______ ______ with the sacrum ___________
Definition
secure joint, posteriorly
Term
The __________ is a curved bar of bone
Definition
ischium
Term
We sit on the ______ _____
Definition
ischial tuberosities
Term
The v-shaped pubic bones articulate anteriorly at the ______ ________
Definition
pubic symphysis
Term
the __________ is the deep, basinlike structure formed by the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
Definition
pelvis
Term
the pelvis is the deep, basinlike structure formed by the _____ _______, _______, and ________.
Definition
hip bones, sacrum, coccyx.
Term
the male pelvis is deep and narrow with larger, heavier bones than those of the female. the female pelvis is shallow and wide for childbirth.
Definition
Term
the lower limb consists of: ______, _____, and ______
Definition
thigh, leg, foot
Term
Each lower limb is specialized for ______ ______ and _________
Definition
weight bear and locomotion
Term
the _________ is the only bone of the thigh
Definition
femur
Term
the ball shaped head of the ___________ articulates with the acetabulum
Definition
femur
Term
the bones of the leg are the :
Definition
tibia and the fibula
Term
the _________ participates in forming both the knee and ankle joints
Definition
tibia
Term
the bones of the foot include the :
Definition
tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
Term
the most important tarsals are the __________ and the ______
Definition
calcaneus (heel bone) and the talus (which articulates with the tibia superiorly.
Term
the talus articulates with the ______ superiorly
Definition
tibia
Term
the foot is supported by three _______ that distribute weight to the heel and ball of the foot.
Definition
arches
Term
the three arches of the foot are:
Definition
lateral longitudinal
medial longitudinal
transverse
Term
__________, which allow brain growth and ease birth passage, are present in the skull at birth.
Definition
Fontanelles
Term
Growth of the cranium after birth is related to _______ ______
Definition
brain growth
Term
Increase in the size of the facial skeleton follows ______ ______ and enlargement of the ____ and ______ ______
Definition
tooth development, nose, paranasal sinuses
Term
the ________ is C shaped at birth
Definition
vertebral column
Term
_______ and ______ curvatures are present at birth
Definition
thoracic and sacral
Term
the secondary __________ form when the baby begins to lift its head and walk
Definition
curvatures
Term
_______ _________ continue to grow in length until late adolescence
Definition
long bones
Term
the _______ and _____, initially 1-1/2 times the length of the lower limbs, equal their length by the age of 10
Definition
head and torso
Term
changes in the female pelvis (preparatory for childbirth) occur during ________
Definition
puberty
Term
with old age the __________ ______ thin
Definition
intervertebral discs
Term
Once at adult height, the skeleton changes little until ______ ________ ______
Definition
late middle age.
Term
intervertebral discs thinning along with osteoporosis leads to a gradual loss in __________ and increase risk of _____ ______
Definition
height, disc herniation
Term
Loss of ________ _______ increase the risk of fractures.
Definition
bone mass
Term
_____ _____ _____ promotes breathing difficulties
Definition
thoracic cage rigidity
Term
connected by the coronal suture
Definition
frontal, parietal
Term
keystone bone of cranium
Definition
sphenoid
Term
keystone bone of the face
Definition
maxillary
Term
form the hard palate
Definition
maxillary, palatine
Term
allows the spinal code to pass
Definition
occipital
Term
forms the chin
Definition
mandible
Term
contain paranasal sinuses
Definition
ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, sphenoid
Term
contains mastoid sinuses
Definition
temporal
Term
bone of the axial skeleton to which the pectoral girdle attaches
Definition
sternum
Term
markings include glenoid cavity and acromion
Definition
scapula
Term
features include the ala, crest, and greater sciatic notch
Definition
ilium
Term
doubly curved; acts as a shoulder strut
Definition
clavicle
Term
hip bone that articulates with the axial skeleton
Definition
ilium
Term
the "sit-down" bone
Definition
ischium
Term
anteriormost bone of the pelvic girdle
Definition
pubis
Term
part of the vertebral column
Definition
sacrum
Term
articulates with the acetabulum and the tibia
Definition
femur
Term
forms the lateral aspect of the ankle
Definition
fibula
Term
bone that "carries" the hand
Definition
radius
Term
the wrist bones
Definition
carpals
Term
end shaped like a monkey wrench
Definition
ulna
Term
articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
Definition
radius
Term
largest bone of this "group" is the calcaneus
Definition
tarsals
Term
the ____ and ____ curvatures are called primary curvatures because they are present at birth.
Definition
thoracic, sacral
Term
the ____ and ____ curvatures are called secondary curvatures because they develop after birth when the baby learns to lift it's head (______) and when it learns to walk (______)
Definition
cervical, lumbar, cervical curvature, lumbar curvature
Term
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
Definition
The intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine, allowing it to flex and extend.
Term
Which ribs are floating ribs and why are they called that?
Definition
Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs (or vertebral ribs) because they are not attached to the sternum anteriorly.
Term
List three important differences between male and female pelves.
Definition
Differences between the male and female pelves include that (1) the female pelvic inlet and outlet are wider, (2) the female pelvis is wider, shallower, and lighter, and (3) the femal ischial spines are farther apart.
Term
Briefly describe the anatomical characteristics and impairment of function seen in cleft palate and hip displaysia.
Definition
Both cleft palate and hip displaysia are congenital abnormalities affecting skeletal formation. Cleft palate is a condition in which the left and right halves of the palate fail to fuse medially. The resulting opening between the nasal and oral cavities may cause difficulty sucking. Aspiration of food and aspiration pneumonia may result. IN developmental dysplasia of the hip, the acetabulum is poorly formed and the head of the femur may be partially or completely dislocated. Hip dysplasica can lead to dgenerative arthritis of the hip joint.
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