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A&P
Chapter 3 - Anatomy of Cells
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/09/2010

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Term
The ______________________ separates the cell from the surrounding environment.
Definition
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Term
The ____________________ contains organelles suspended in a watery cytosol.
Definition
CYTOPLASM
Term
The ____________________ is the same as the intracellular fluid.
Definition
CYSTOL
Term
The ____________________ is a membranous structure that protects DNA
Definition
NUCLEUS
Term
The ___________ ______________ ______________ implies that membranes are fluid like sheets in which the molecules move about freely in a planar fashion.
Definition
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
Term
A membrane is made of a ___________________ ___________________ whose surfaces are hydrophilic while the center of the layer is hydrophobic.
Definition
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
Term
_________________ contributes to the stability of membranes.
Definition
CHOLESTEROL
Term
_____________ or water-soluble molecules do not pass through a membrane very easily.
Definition
WATER
Term
_______ are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that move around together.
Definition
RAFTS
Term
Membrane Functions: To _______________ movement of molecules.
Definition
CONTROL
Term
Membrane Functions: To serve as a ___________ for reactions, connections, and communication.
Definition
SITE
Term
Membrane Functions: Many functions of membranes are accomplished by membrane __________
Definition
PROTEINS
Term
The two categories of organelles are M_______________ and N_____________________.
Definition
MEMBRANOUS AND NONMEMBRANOUS
Term
The ______________________ _________________ is a membranous canal system to move new proteins within the cell that will be part of a membrane or secreted.
Definition
ENDOPLASM RETICULUM
Term
The ____________ ER has ribosomes on its surface and is closer to the nucleus while the _____________ ER does not have ribosomes and is further away from the nucleus.
Definition
ROUGH, SMOOTH
Term
The Smooth ER is a source for new L_________ and even C___________________.
Definition
LIPIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES
Term
The ____________ ________________ is a membranous structure which processes and packages proteins.
Definition
GOGLI APPARATUS
Term
________________ are membranous structures that serve as the cell’s digestive system.
Definition
LYSOSOMES
Term
_____________________ are membranous structures that detoxify harmful substances.
Definition
PERIOXOSOMES
Term
_______________________ have inner and outer membranes and also serve as the “power plant” of the cell. Each one also has its own DNA molecule.
Definition
MITOCHONDRIA
Term
The __________________ is enclosed by two membranes (nuclear envelope) containing pores. It protects the cell’s hereditary material, DNA.
Definition
NUCLEUS
Term
DNA has two forms: It can be a soupy mass called ______________ or it can be condensed and highly organized to which it is referred to as a __________________.
Definition
CHROMATIN AND CHROMOSOME
Term
Within the nucleus there is a ___________________ which is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome formation.
Definition
NUCLEOLUS
Term
___________________ have two subunits; a large and a small. They are responsible for synthesizing proteins.
Definition
RIBOSOMES
Term
____________________ are hollow protein cylinders that breakdown abnormal or misfolded proteins.
Definition
PROTEASOME
Term
The _______________________ is the cell’s internal supporting framework. It is composed of 3 types of rodlike pieces.
Definition
CYTOSKELETON
Term
The 3 filaments of the cytoskeleton are: ______________________ which act as cellular “muscles” (smallest) __________________ _________________ which provide mostly framework (intermediate) and _______________________ which are used for intracellular transport and cell movement. (largest)
Definition
MICROFILAMENT, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT, AND MICROTUBULE
Term
The _______________ is made of two _________________ and coordinates building and breaking of microtubules. It is also called the microtubule organizing center or MTOC. It is very important especially during cell division.
Definition
CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES
Term
_______________ _______________ are proteins which pull loads along the cytoskeleton.
Definition
MOLECULAR MOTORS
Term
Cell extensions are projections of the _____________________.
Definition
CYTOSKELETON
Term
_________________ are small and many, they are used for absorption due to their increased surface area.
Definition
MICROVILLI
Term
______________ are also small and many and used to propel things along the trachea, for example.
Definition
CILIA
Term
_______________ in humans are only found on sperm cells for motility. There is usually only one flagella per sperm cell.
Definition
FLAGELLA
Term
__________________ are fibers on outer cell surfaces that interlock with neighboring cells.
Definition
DESMOSOMES
Term
______________ desmosomes are like “spot welds,” where as __________ desmosomes are connections that encircle the entire cell like a collar.
Definition
SPOT, BELT
Term
_______ ______________ are cell-cell connections by membrane channels. They effectively “fuse” the two cells cytoplasms so that things can go from one cell to the other very easily.
Definition
GAP JUNCTIONS
Term
_________ ______________ are tightly fused collars between cells. They do not allow molecules to bass between the cells that are connected. The best example of this kind of connection is in the intestinal lining.
Definition
TIGHT JUNCTIONS
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