Term
| _______________ - Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ - a pure substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ - two or more elements joined to form a chemical combination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ elements are those that make up most (96%) of the human body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ elements make up less than 2% of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atoms have three parts: In the nucleus are positively charged _______________ and _______________ which are neutral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atoms are usually surrounded by negatively charged _____________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atomic __________ identifies an element and represents the number of protons in the nucleus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atomic ______________ is the mass of an atom and is equal to the protons plus the neutrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ______________ is an element with the same atomic number as another but has a different atomic ______________ due to having a different number of ______________. |
|
Definition
| ISOTOPE, WEIGHT, NEUTRONS |
|
|
Term
| _______________ isotopes give off radiation and can be useful in research and in the medical field. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chemical reaction occurs between two atoms due to activity between their ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When two or more atoms join to form a single unit, a _________________ is formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ___________________ describes the specific content or formula of a substance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ______________ bond is the strongest and results from electron sharing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ______________ bond results from electron transfer where atoms become oppositely charged and attract one another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Hydogen Bond results from unequal sharing of ________________ , which allows the molecule to act like a _______________ and stick to charged molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ________________ reaction combines small molecules to make a larger complex one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ________________ reaction takes a large molecule and breaks it down into smaller ones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An _______________ reaction decomposes two compounds and synthesizes two new ones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________________ reactions are those that can occur in both directions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ultimate waste products of catabolism are _____________, _____________, and other wastes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The energy that is released is captured in the form of ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anabolic processes use ______________________________________ in which water is removed to glue substances together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catabolic processes use _______________________ in which water is split in order to break apart molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ compounds have no C-C bonds or C-H bonds, while ________________ compounds have at least one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organic compounds usually have one or more ___________________ groups. |
|
Definition
| C-C OR C-H (CARBON CARBON OR CARBON HYDROGEN) BONDS |
|
|
Term
| There are ___ important properties of water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ - allows water to act as a solvent and will ionize substances in solution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The polarity fo water also allows the ___________________ of molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________________ - allows water to absorb much heat before changing temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________________________ - allows water to absorb significant amounts of heat before vaporizing. |
|
Definition
| HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION |
|
|
Term
| High heat of vaporization helps to maintain the bodys ________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________________ are inorganic compounds that dissociate to form ions in water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________________ are positively charged ions, while __________________ are negatively charged. |
|
Definition
| CATIONS = POSITIVE, ANIONS = NEGATIVE |
|
|
Term
| ____________ are proton (H+) donors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ are proton (H+) acceptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A low pH indicates an _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high pH indicates a ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pH of 7 is _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an acid, there are more ______________ than ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a base, there are more ________________ than ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ protect a solution by keeping the pH steady. They minimize changes in the pH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ are usually the product of an Acid-Base (neutralization) reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ are also known as sugars and starches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates are made of ____, ____, and _____. |
|
Definition
| CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN. |
|
|
Term
| A _______________ is a single simple sugar while a ________________ is two sugars linked together. |
|
Definition
| MONOSACCHARIDE, DISACCHARIDE. |
|
|
Term
| _____________________ are chains of sugars linked together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sugars can be either _____________ having 6 carbons or ______________ having 5 carbons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ are the most abundant organic compound and mostly form chainlike polymers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building block of proteins are ____________ ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An amino acid is composed of a center _________ carbon, a C_________ group, an A________ group, and a variable __________ chain. |
|
Definition
| ALPHA CARBON, CARBOXYLE GROUP, AMINO GROUP, AND SIDE CHAIN. |
|
|
Term
| ___________________ amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained in the diet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins can work by being either S__________________ or E_________________. |
|
Definition
| STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OR ENZYMATIC PROTEINS |
|
|
Term
| The ___________ of a protein determines its _________________. |
|
Definition
| SHAPE DETERMINES FUNCTION |
|
|
Term
| If a protein becomes _____________________ it will not work. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ can happen by changes in pH or by temperature extremes, radiation, or chemicals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids are called ___________________ because they are water-insoluble or water-fearing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ have roles as both an energy sources and as structural elements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids known as triglycerides are made of 1 ____________ molecule and 3 ________ ________. |
|
Definition
| 1 GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS |
|
|
Term
| _________________ fatty acids are completely filled with hydrogen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ have a water soluble (hydrophilic) end AND a fat-soluble (hydrophobic) end. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phospholipids form _____________ which make up cell membranes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ are types of lipids that can act as hormones or serve as structural components. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________________ are lipids that are also known as tissue hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ is the molecule of heredity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA nucleotides are made of the pentose sugar called ________________, a ___________ group, and a ________________ base. |
|
Definition
| DEOXYRIBOSE, A PHOSPHATE GROUP, AND A NITROGENOUS BASE. |
|
|
Term
| The nitrogenous bases of DNA are C__________, T_____________, G_____________, and A________________. |
|
Definition
| ADENINE, URACIL, GUANINE, OR CYSTINE. |
|
|
Term
| Base paring via _________ bonds are what hold two strands of DNA together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is a temporary copy of genetic code. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA uses the pentose sugar _____________ instead of deoxyribose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA nucleotides can have the nitrogenous base ____________ instead of thymine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is the major energy molecule of the body. It is used to harbor energy from food so our body can do work. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ and _________ are also high energy carrying molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ is used as an intracellular signal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organic molecules can be combined to give a molecule with different ________ roles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When naming the new molecule
The base word shows the ____________ molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prefix shows the component of ____________ amount. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A __________________________ would be mostly fat with some sugar attached to it. |
|
Definition
|
|
