Term
| comprised of skin, sweat and oil glands, hair, and nails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protection, cutaneous sensation, temp control, excretion, and vit D metabolism are all functions of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the skin is what type of membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another word for a network or branching structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest organ of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outermost layer of the skin comprised of multiple layer of epithelial cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the thickness of the epidermis in various parts of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale all have in common? |
|
Definition
| they are the layers of the epidermis |
|
|
Term
| outermost layer of the epidermis, comprised mostly of dead cells, sheds, and is heavily keratinized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clear layer of epidermis, which is absent in thin skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| granular layer of epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prickly layer of epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innermost layer of epidermis that contains actively dividing cells that produce keratinocytes; also contains melanocytes and some dendritic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20 to 30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin |
|
Definition
| stratum corneum of epidermis |
|
|
Term
| which part of the epidermis has glycolipids in the extracellular space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer of the epidermis has one row of actively mitotic stem cells, which can eventually go to more superficial layers and become melanocytes and epidermal dendritic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| predominant epithelial cell type of the epidermis; produce keratin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epithelial cells that produce the pigment(melanin) of the skin and hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin color determined by combination of what 3 melanocytes? |
|
Definition
| melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| contributes to yellow to orange pigment, and is found in vit A, squash, etc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gives pinkish hue when melanin levels are low |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| immune cells(macrophages) of the epidermis |
|
Definition
| epidermal dendritic cells |
|
|
Term
| spike shaped cell associated with sensory nerve ending, functions as sensory receptors for touch, sense heat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| present all over the body; function to cool body via evaporation and in excretion; >200/cubic cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| present only in localized areas (axillary) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produce the oily secretion sebum that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair; inflammation contributes to acne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| comprised of keratinized cells that contain hard keratin formed in hair follicles by stratum basale cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| modification of the epidermis that contain hard keratin; formed by the nail matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bones make up what percent of the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the total components of the skeletal system make up roughly what percent of body mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial |
|
|
Term
| made of dense fibrous CT; most are unmovable; no joint cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some of these joints are moveable, but have no joint cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ribs, ends of long bones, and invertebral discs are examples of these joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movable joints with joint cavity containing synovial fluid; made of cartilage and fibrous CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joints of limbs are this type of joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is in synovial joints and covers the opposing bone surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the space in a synovial joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the combination of a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane within a synovial joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this reduces friction and lubricates synovial joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this strengthens and stabilizes synovial joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flattened fibrous sacs near synovial joints; contain synovial fluid and reduce friction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a group of inflammatory and degenertive diseases of the joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2 major groups of bones are? |
|
Definition
| axial(core areas) and appendicular(limbs) |
|
|
Term
| skeleton consisting of skull, vertebral column and rib cage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compact bone is composed of pillar shaped structural units called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compact bone is comprised of layers of collagen fibers also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteocytes are where inside compact bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spongy bone contains what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red marrow found in spongy bone is the site of what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the internal and external bone surfaces are covered with double layered membranous tissue called the ___ & ____ respectively. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bones contains what 4 types of cells? |
|
Definition
osteogenic cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone forming cells that produce and secrete the bone matrix elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells matured from osteoblasts that maintain bone matrix; also act as stress sensors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone degrading cells that digest bone to maintain proper Ca2+ levels in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process of bone formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| roughly what % of bone is recycled weekly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __________ bone degradation(resorption) outpaces bone deposition(laying down) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what % of bone is organic matter such as cells and matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| roughly what % of bone mass is inorganic material such as mineral salts(hydroxyapatites) like calcium phosphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone controls bone degradation in response to Ca2+ needs within the body? |
|
Definition
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
|
|
Term
| does PTH stimulate osteoclast or osteoblasts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH stimulates the kidneys to convert Vit D into its active form, which is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this molecule increases Ca2+ absorption from the intestines |
|
Definition
| calcitriol (active form of Vit D) |
|
|
Term
| calcium salt deposit in bone is stimulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| calcitonin is produced in the thyroid when Ca2+ blood levels are |
|
Definition
|
|
