Shared Flashcard Set

Details

A&P Week 14
Urinary System
52
Anatomy
Not Applicable
04/07/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The urinary system is made up of what?
Definition
1. Two kidneys
2. Two ureters
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra
Term
The functions of the _______ include removing waste products from the blood, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and secreting substances that affect blood pressure and other important body functions.
Definition
kidneys
Term
The kidneys normally excrete _-_ L of urine per day.
Definition
1-2 L
Term
The excretory system consists of the following: (name 5)
Definition
1. calyces (urine draining branches in the kidney)
2. renal pelvis (1 and 2 together form the pelvicaliceal system)
3. ureters x2
4. urinary bladder
5. urethra
Term
The suprarenal or adrenal glands are closely associated with the urinary system. They are two ductless _________ glands.
Definition
endocrine
Term
Each suprarenal gland consists of a small, flattened body composed of an internal _________ portion and an outer ________ portion.
Definition
1. internal medullary portion
2. outer cortical portion
Term
The suprarenal glands furnish what two important substances?
Definition
1. epinephrine
2. cortical hormones
Term
Epinephrine is secreted by the _______ of the suprarenal gland.
Definition
medulla
Term
Cortical hormones are secreted by the ______ of the suprarenal gland.
Definition
cortex
Term
(True or False) The suprarenal circulation may be shown by selective catheterization of a suprarenal artery or vein in angiographic procedures.
Definition
True
Term
The ____ kidney is usually slightly longer and narrower than the _____ kidney.
Definition
1. left
2. right
Term
The kidneys are situated behind the __________ and are in contact with the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.
Definition
behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal)
Term
The kidneys are in the same coronal plane as what vertebra?
Definition
L3
Term
The kidneys normally extend from the level of the superior border of T__ to the level of the transverse processes of L_ in sthenic individuals.
Definition
superior border of T12-tranverse processes of L3
Term
The kidneys are usually higher in individuals with a/n ____________ habitus and lower in individuals with a/n ________ habitus.
Definition
higher = hypersthenic
lower = asthenic
Term
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?
Definition
Because of the large space occupied by the liver
Term
The outer covering of the kidney is called the _____ _______.
Definition
renal capsule
Term
Each kidney is embedded in a mass of fatty tissue called the _______ _______.
Definition
adipose capsule
Term
The capsule and kidney are enveloped in a sheath of superficial fascia called the _____ fascia, which is attached to the diaphragm, lumbar vertebrae, peritoneum, and other adjacent structures.
Definition
renal
Term
The concave medial border of each kidney has a longitudinal slit called the _____ that serves as a transmission area for blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the ureter.
Definition
hilum
Term
The hilum expands into the body of the kidney to form a central cavity called the _____ sinus.
Definition
renal
Term
The _____ _____ is a fat-filled space surrounding the renal pelvis and vessels.
Definition
renal sinus
Term
The word renal refers to the _______.
Definition
kidneys
Term
Each kidney has an outer renal ______ and an inner renal _______.
Definition
outer = cortex
inner = medulla
Term
The renal _______ is composed mainly of the collecting tubules that give it a striated appearance.
Definition
medulla
Term
The renal medulla contains 8-15 cone-shaped segments called the renal ________.
Definition
pyramids
Term
Some portions of the renal cortex extend medially between the pyramids to the renal sinus. These extensions of the cortex are called renal _______.
Definition
columns
Term
The essential microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called ________.
Definition
nephrons
Term
Each kidney contains approximately _ million nephrons.
Definition
1
Term
The individual nephron is composed of the renal _________ and the renal ______.
Definition
1. corpuscle
2. tubule
Term
The renal _________ consists of a double-walled membranous cup called the glomerular capsule aka ______ capsule and a cluster of blood capillaries called glomerulus.
Definition
1. renal corpuscle
2. glomerular capsule = Bowman capsule
Term
The vessel entering the glomerular capsule is called the ________ arteriole, and the one leaving the capsule is termed the ________ arteriole.
Definition
entering = afferent
exiting = efferent
Term
The __________ serves as a filter for the blood, permitting water and finely disolved substances to pass through the walls of the capillaries into the capsule.
Definition
glomerulus
Term
The _______ are cup-shaped stems arising at the sides of the papilla of each renal pyramid.
Definition
calyces
Term
Each calyx encloses one or more papillae, so that there are usually (more/fewer) calyces than pyramids.
Definition
fewer
Term
The wide, upper portion of the renal pelvis lies within the hilum, and its tapering lower part passes through the hilum to become continuous with the _____.
Definition
ureter
Term
The area where the renal pelvis transitions to the ureter is called the _____________ junction (UPJ)
Definition
Ureteropelvic
Term
Each ureter is __-__ inches long.
Definition
10-12
Term
The ureters enter the posterolateral surface of the urinary bladder at approximately the level of the _______ spine.
Definition
ischial
Term
The _______ convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder by slow, rhythmic peristaltic contractions.
Definition
ureters
Term
The _______ _______ is a musculomembranous sac that serves as a resevoir for urine.
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
The most fixed part of the bladder is the ____.
Definition
neck
Term
The neck of the bladder rests on the ________ in males and on the ______ _________ in females.
Definition
males = prostate
females = pelvic diaphragm
Term
The adult bladder can hold approximately ___ mL of fluid when completely full.
Definition
500
Term
The urge for micturition occurs when about ___ mL of urine is in the bladder.
Definition
250
Term
The ____ is the lowest part of the bladder.
Definition
neck
Term
The triangular area in the bladder between the three orifices is called the _______.
Definition
trigone
Term
The _______ is a narrow, musculomembranous tube with a sphincter type of muscle at the neck of the bladder. Its job is to convey urine out of the body.
Definition
urethra
Term
The urethra extends about __ inches in the female and _-_ inches in the male.
Definition
1.5 inches = female 7-8 inches = male
Term
The male urethra is divided into three portions. What are they?
Definition
1. prostatic
2. membranous
3. spongy
Term
The distal prostatic, membranous, and spongy parts of the male urethra also serve as the _________ canal of the reproductive system.
Definition
excretory
Term
(True or False) The prostate is not considered part of the male reproductive system.
Definition
False (it is part of the male reproductive system)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!