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A&P Week 11
abdominopelvic cavity and digestive system
87
Anatomy
Not Applicable
03/25/2012

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Cards

Term
The abdominal cavity contains what bodily organs?
Definition
1. stomach
2. small intestine
3. large intestine
4. liver
5. gallbladder
6. spleen
7. pancreas
8. kidneys
Term
The pelvic cavity contains what bodily organs?
Definition
1. rectum and sigmoid of the large intestine
2. urinary bladder
3. reproductive organs
Term
The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed in a double-walled seromembranous sac called the __________.
Definition
peritoneum
Term
The outer portion of the peritoneum is called the ________ peritoneum.
Definition
parietal
Term
The inner portion of the peritoneum is called the ________ peritoneum.
Definition
visceral
Term
The peritoneum forms folds called the _________ and ______, which serve to support the viscera in position.
Definition
mesentery and omenta
Term
The space between the two layers of the peritoneum is called the __________ ______ and contains serous fluid.
Definition
peritoneal cavity
Term
The _______________ is the cavity behind the peritoneum. Organs such as the kidneys and pancreas lie in this cavity.
Definition
retroperitoneum
Term
The digestive system consists of what two parts?
Definition
1. accessory glands 2. alimentary canal
Term
What are the accessory glands?
Definition
1. salivary glands
2. liver
3. gallbladder
4. pancreas
Term
What do the accessory glands do?
Definition
The accessory glands secrete digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal.
Term
What is the alimentary canal?
Definition
It is a musculomembranous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.
Term
What are the component parts of the alimentary canal and what is their purpose?
Definition
1. mouth - mastication
2. pharynx - organ of swallowing
3. esophagus - organ of swallowing
4. stomach - digestive process begins
5. small intestine - where digestive process is completed
6. large intestine - egestion and water absorption
7. anus - where process terminates
Term
The adult esophagus is approximately __ inches long and _/_ inch in diameter.
Definition
10 inches long
3/4 inch diameter
Term
The esophagus has a wall composed of four layers. Beginning with outermost layer, what are they?
Definition
1. fibrous
2. muscular
3. submucosal
4. mucosal
Term
The esophagus joins the stomach at the ______________ junction.
Definition
esophagogastric
Term
The esophagogastric junction is at the level of what landmark?
Definition
the xiphoid tip (T11)
Term
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus, which lies in the abdomen, is called the ______ ______.
Definition
cardiac antrum
Term
The wall of the stomach is composed of the same four layers as what other organs of the alimentary canal?
Definition
1. esophagus 2. small intestine 3. large intestine
Term
The stomach is divided into what four portions?
Definition
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric portion
Term
The inner mucosal layer of the body of the stomach contains numerous longitudinal folds called _____.
Definition
rugae
Term
The sharp angle at the esophagogastric junction where the greater curvature of the stomach begins is known as what?
Definition
cardiac notch
Term
The greater curvature of the stomach is _ to _ times longer than the lesser curvature.
Definition
4 to 5 times longer
Term
The esophagus joins the stomach at the esophagogastric junction through an opening termed the _______ _______.
Definition
cardiac orifice
Term
The muscle controlling the cardiac orifice (the superior opening of the stomach) is called the ______ _________.
Definition
cardiac sphincter
Term
What is the name of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine?
Definition
pyloric orifice
Term
The muscle controlling the pyloric orifice (the inferior opening of the stomach) is called the ______ _________.
Definition
pyloric sphincter
Term
The habitus of __% of the population is either sthenic or hyposthenic.
Definition
85
Term
(True or False) The stomach not only breaks down food, but it also serves as a storage area for food until it can be digested further.
Definition
True
Term
Acids and enzymes break down food __________.
Definition
chemically
Term
Food is mechanically broken down through churning and ___________.
Definition
peristalsis.
Term
Food that has been mechanically and chemically altered in the stomach is transported to the duodenum as a material called _____.
Definition
chyme
Term
Digestion and absorption of food occur in which portion of the alimentary canal?
Definition
small intestine
Term
The length of the adult small intestine averages about __ ft, and its diameter is anywhere from _ - __ inches.
Definition
22 ft long
1 inch (distal portion) - 1.5 inches (proximal portion)
Term
The wall of the small intestine contains the same four layers as the walls of what three other organs of the alimentary canal?
Definition
1. esophagus
2. stomach
3. large intestine
Term
The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of finger-like projections called _____, which assist the process of digestion and absorption.
Definition
villi
Term
The small intestine is divided into three portions. What are they?
Definition
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
Term
The ________ is the widest portion of the small intestine.
Definition
duodenum
Term
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the ________________ ampulla.
Definition
hepatopancreatic
Term
What is another name for the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?
Definition
ligament of Treitz
Term
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the _____________ flexure.
Definition
duodenojejunal
Term
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the _________.
Definition
mesentery
Term
The large intestine is split up into four main portions. What are they?
Definition
1. cecum
2. colon
3. rectum
4. anal canal
Term
The large intestine is about _ feet long.
Definition
5
Term
(True or False) The main functions of the large intestine are reabsorption of fluids and elimination of waste products.
Definition
True
Term
The colon is subdivided into four portions. What are they?
Definition
1. ascending
2. transverse
3. descending
4. sigmoid
Term
What is the longest and most movable part of the colon?
Definition
the transverse portion
Term
The rectum is about _ inches long.
Definition
6
Term
Just above the anal canal is a dilation called the rectal _______.
Definition
ampulla
Term
What important fact about the rectum and anal canal must be remembered when an enema tube is inserted?
Definition
The rectum and anal canal have two AP curves.
Term
The muscular portion of the intestinal wall contains an external band of longitudinal muscle that forms into three thickened bands called _______ ____.
Definition
taeniae coli
Term
The taeniae coli create a pulling muscle tone that forms a series of pouches called _______.
Definition
haustra
Term
What is the largest gland in the body?
Definition
liver
Term
At the falciform ligament, the liver is divided into a large _____ lobe and a much smaller ____ lobe.
Definition
large right lobe
smaller left lobe
Term
Two minor lobes of the liver are located on the medial side of the right lobe: the _______ lobe on the posterior surface and the ________ lobe on the inferior surface.
Definition

caudate lobe - posterior surface

quadrate lobe - inferior surface

Term
Where is the hilum of the liver (porta hepatis) located?
Definition
It's situated transversely between the quadrate and caudate lobes.
Term
The ______ vein and the _______ artery convey blood to the liver through the porta hepatis (hilum of the liver).
Definition
portal vein and hepatic artery
Term
The liver secretes bile at a rate of _ - _ pints each day.
Definition
1-3 pints
Term
____ is the body's way of eliminating waste products of red blood cell destruction.
Definition
Bile
Term
(True or False) Bile is an excretion, not a secretion.
Definition
False: bile is an excretion and a secretion.
Term
The bile is collected from the liver cells by the ducts and either carried to the ___________ for temporary storage or poured directly into the ________ through the common bile duct.
Definition
1. gallbladder
2. duodenum
Term
The biliary system is also known as the _________ system.
Definition
excretory
Term
The biliary system of the liver consists of ____ _____ and the ___________.
Definition
1. bile ducts
2. gallbladder
Term
There are two main ducts leading from each major lobe of the liver. They are known as the _______ ducts.
Definition
hepatic
Term
The two main hepatic ducts of the liver join to form the ______ hepatic duct.
Definition
common
Term
The common hepatic duct unites with the cystic duct to form the ______ ____ duct.
Definition
common bile
Term
The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and they enter together or side by side into an enlarged chamber known as the the hepatopancreatic ampulla or _______ __ _____.
Definition
ampulla of Vater
Term
The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater opens into the descending portion of the ________.
Definition
duodenum
Term
The distal end of the common bile duct is controlled by the ___________ sphincter as it enters the duodenum.
Definition
choledochal
Term
The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater is controlled by a circular muscle known as the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla or the sphincter of ____.
Definition
Oddi
Term
(True or False) The gallbladder concentrates bile and it also acts as a temporary storage depository.
Definition
True
Term
The hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater opens on an elevation on the duodenal mucosa known as the _____ duodenal _______.
Definition
major duodenal papilla
Term
The ___________ is a thin-walled, more or less pear-shaped musculomembranous sac with the capacity of approximately 2 oz.
Definition
gallbladder
Term
The muscular contraction of the gallbladder is activated by a hormone called _______________.
Definition
cholecystokinin
Term
The gallbladder consists of a narrow ____ that is continuous with the cystic duct, a ____ or main portion, and a ______, which is its broad lower portion.
Definition
1. neck
2. body
3. fundus
Term
The gallbladder measures about _ inch in width and _ - _ inches in length.
Definition
1 inch width
3-4 inches length
Term
The pancreas is about __ inches long.
Definition
5.5 inches
Term
The pancreas gland consists of a ____, ____, ____, and ____.
Definition
1. head
2. neck
3. body
4. tail
Term
(True or False) The pancreas can be seen on plain radiographic studies.
Definition
False
Term
The pancreas is an ________ and an _________ gland.
Definition
exocrine and endocrine
Term
The exocrine cells of the pancreas are arranged in lobules with a highly ramified duct system which produces __________ _____, which acts on proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Definition
pancreatic juice
Term
The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of islet cells, or islets, or Langerhans which produce the hormones _______ and ________.
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
The hormones _______ and ________ are responsible for the body's glucose metabolism.
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
The spleen belongs to the _________ system.
Definition
lymphatic
Term
The ______ is a gland-like but ductless organ that produces lymphocytes and stores and removes dead or dying red blood cells.
Definition
spleen
Term
The spleen measures about _ inches long and _ inches wide.
Definition
5 inches long
3 inches wide
Term
(True or False) The spleen is visualized with and without contrast media.
Definition
True
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