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A&P Unit 1
BSC2093 Dr. Megaw Online Lecture IRSC
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/01/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anatomy
Definition
study of structure
Term
Physiology
Definition
study of function
Term
FFF
Definition
Principle of Complementarity of structure and function
Term
Inductive method
Definition
exhaustive observation, then draw generalizations from what is observed. [“beyond reasonable doubt”]
Term
Hyothetico-Deductive method
Definition
formulate hypothesis then test. [Know what will prove it wrong.]
Term

 

 

 

Scientific Method

Definition

 

 

Observation>Question>Hypothesis>Prediction>Test (experimental or additional observation)

Term
Experimental Design
Definition
1. Adequate numbers – to control for normal variation
2. Control and experimental groups
3. Psychosomatic [placebo effect]
4. Bias
5. Statistical evaluation
6. Peer review
Term
Adaptations
Definition
features that have evolved
Term
Evolution
Definition
change in genetic composition of a population over time
 
Term
Primate adaptations
Definition
 
Opposable thumbs
 
Stereoscopic vision; color vision
 
Upright walking – bipedalism
 
 
Term

Order of Hominids 

(oldest to most current)

Definition
Australopithecus aferensis et al – Homo habilis – Homo erectusHomo sapiens
 
Term
Levels of organization of Human Structure:

(Smallest to Largest)
 
Definition
Atom à moleculeà cell à tissue àorgan à organ system à organism
 
 
Term
Anatomic Variation 
Definition
Only about 70 % are like book.
 
Term
Reference Male
Definition
22, 70Kg, 20 degrees, 2800 Calories/day
Term
Reference Female

Definition
22, 20 degrees,58 Kg, 2000 Calories/day
 
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
processes that maintain a constant internal environment.
 
Term
Variable 
(In reference to Homeostasis)
Definition
event being regulated 
Term
Receptor
Definition
monitors the variable (homeostasis)
Term
Control center 
Definition
ldetermines variable values and makes decisions to maintain that level (homeostasis)
 
Term
Effector
Definition
carries out response (homeostasis)
Term
Negative Feedback 
Definition
reverses the variable’s
level - ex. High Bp à response that
lowers Bp pressure
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
increases effect - ex.   
Labor contractions increase release of  oxytocin, increasing contractions 

Can be dangerous because the cycle feeds itself-ex: a high fever
Term
Radiography [x-rays] 
Definition
– oldest of medical imaging processes
 
     -  Dense structures reflect radiation and appear light.
 
Term
Computed Tomography
[CT scan]
 
Definition
1. X-rays from all directions; thin slices.
 
2. Removes ambiguity of over.
 
3. Done with & without contrast.
 
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Standing erect, facing observer
 
Feet together, flat on floor
 
Arms at sides, palms forward
 
 
Term
Body planes
Definition
[image]
Term
A. Superior                     B. Inferior
 
C. Anterior/ventral               D. Posterior/dorsal
 E. Medial                    
F. Lateral
 
Definition

A-above or highest       B-below or lowest

C-front          D-back

E-toward central line            F-along the side of[image]

Term
WHAT ARE THE BASIC STRUCTURAL LEVELS (REGIONS) OF THE BODY?
Definition
  • Axial Region - consists of the head, neck (cervical region), and trunk 
  • Appendicular Region - consists of upper and lower limbs
Term
Element
Definition
simplest form of matter with
  unique chemical properties
 
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest piece with all the properties of a substance
 
Term

 

 

 

 

Chemical properties of atoms differ because of

 

numbers and arrangements of ____________.        

Definition

Electrons

(specifically Valence electrons - electrons that are in the outermost shell)

Term
The subatomic particle that is positively charged and located in the nucleus is the  _________.
Definition
Proton
Term
When an atom of an element loses an electron it becomes a ___________ with a ________charge.
Definition
Ion (Cation); Positive
Term

 

Two examples of bonding due to electrical charge attractions are the _______and the ______ bonds. 

 

Definition
Covalent ; Polar
Term
Sharing electrons between atoms is called_________________ bonding.
Definition
Covalent
Term
List properties of water which makes water biologically significant.  
Definition
l
  • Thermal – absorbs & releases heat slowly 
  •     High specific heat  
l
l
  • High heat of vaporization (absorbs heat while changing to gas)  
  • Adhesion  
l
l
  • Cohesion 
l
l
  • Hydrophilic & hydrophobic interactions
 
Term
When you add an acid to a solution, the acid will release ________  into the solution and cause the pH to     
                  ______________ (increase/ decrease). 
Definition
H+ ; Decrease
Term
A compound made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is called a/an ______( organic or inorganic) compound. 
Definition
Organic
Term
An enzyme is called a ____________________ because it speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.               
Definition
Catalyst
Term

Which two classes of biological macromolecules are used to store energy?                                      

              

Definition
Carbohydrates and Lipids
Term

The cell membrane is particular about which substances can pass.      This describes the membrane property of 

         being _____ ____.

Definition
Selectively Permeable 
Term
Solute
Definition
The substance that is dissolved in the solvent 
Term

In ________, substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low.

Definition
Hypertonic
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