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A&P Organic Chem
Basics Review
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/06/2008

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Cards

Term
Purpose of carbohydrates
Definition
quick source of body fuel
Term
categories of carbohydrates
Definition
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
Term
monosaccharides
Definition
simple sugars, digestible units
Term
monosaccharides examples
Definition
pentose (5 carbon) deoxyribose, found in DNA
hexose (6 carbon) glucose-blood sugar
galactose
fructose
Term
disaccharides description
Definition
two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis (loss of water molecule)
Term
reverse of dehydration synthesis
Definition
hydrolysis (addition of water)
Term
disaccharide examples
Definition
sucrose - table sugar
lactose - milk sugar
maltose - malt sugar
Can't be disgested without hydrolysis
Term
Polysaccharide description
Definition
long chains of simple sugars, linked by dehydration
Term
polysaccharide examples
Definition
starch - plant sugar
glycogen - animal tissue sugar
Term
Lipds description
Definition
fats
Term
categories of lipids
Definition
triglycerides - fatty acids and glycerol (nonpolar)
phospholipids - have both polar and nonpolar traits
steroids - see examples
eicosanoids - see example
Term
categories of triglycerides
Definition
saturated - one covalent bond between carbons
unsaturated - one or more double bonds between carbons
transfats
omega 3 fatty acids
Term
phospholipids
Definition
used to build cell membranes
Term
amphipathic
Definition
having both polar and nonpolar traits
Term
steroids
Definition
Adrenocortisol
Bile Salts
Cholesterol
"D" vitamin
Sex hormones
Term
adrenocortisol
Definition
regulates blood sugar and salt/water balance in body
Term
Bile Salts
Definition
fat digestion and absorption
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
involved in manufacture of all body steroids
Term
Eicosanoids example
Definition
prostaglandin-regulates blood clotting, inflammation and labor contractions
Term
Proteins - building blocks
Definition
made up of combinations of 20 different types of amino acid. Can act as acid or base.
Term
Proteins - form
Definition
long chains of amino acids joined by dehydration.
Term
Peptide bond
Definition
The bond between amino acids in a protein chain
Term
Proteins in order or complexity
Definition
primary - strand of beads
secondary - alpha helix or beta sheet
tertiary - alpha or beta folded into itself
quaternary - clump
Term
Fibrous proteins (shape)
Definition
usually primary or secondary form
Term
Fibrous protein (forms)
Definition
structural, found in collagen, keratin, elastin, contractile muscle
Term
globular protein (shapes)
Definition
tertiary or quaternary
Term
globular proteins (forms)
Definition
functional, found in antibodies, growth areas, catalysts
Term
denatured protein
Definition
Protein has lost its shape due to ph or temp variation. Is reversible within certain tolerances.
Term
Protein Regulators
Definition
chaperonins
enzymes/catalysts
Term
chaperonins
Definition
ensure correct folding action and flush out damaged proteins.
Term
Enzyme classification
Definition
1. pure protein
2. holoenzyme (usually metallic)
3. coenzyme (mostly vitamins)
Term
Enzyme action
Definition
1. Enzyme's active site binds with substrate
2. Enzyme & substrate rearrange to form product
3. Enzyme releases product
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