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A&P Martini Chapter 26 Urinary System.
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50
Anatomy
Not Applicable
04/04/2011

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Term
Sixty to seventy percent of the water is reabsorbed in the. . ?
Definition
collecting duct
Term
The portion of the renal segment that is under ADH and aldosterone stimulation is the:
Definition
loop of Henle
Term
Dilation of the afferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole causes:
Definition
elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels
Term
The mechanism important in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids when their concentrations in the filtrate are relatively high is:
Definition
facilitated transport
Term
When antidiuretic hormone levels rise the distal convoluted tubule becomes
Definition
more permeable to water; water reabsorption increases
Term
The results of the effect of aldosterone along the DCT, the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct are:
Definition
increased conservation of sodium ions and water
Term
The ureters are lined by what kind of epithelium, which allows them to be stretched when undergoing peristalsis and moving urine?
Definition
transitional
Term
The renal corpuscle consists of:
Definition
Bowman capsule and the glomerulus
Term
The thin segments in the loop of Henle are:
Definition
freely permeable to water; relatively impermeable to ions and other solutes
Term
The collecting system in the kidney is responsible for
Definition
making final adjustments to the sodium ion concentration and volume of urine
Term

Which of the following systems is not used to excrete wastes from the body?

A)lymphatic system

B)integumentary system

C)respiratory system

D) digestive system

Definition
lymphatic system
Term
At a volume of ________ mL, there may be sufficient pressure in the bladder to force the opening of the internal urinary sphincter, and consequently the external urinary sphincter.
Definition
500
Term

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

 

A) introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma

 

B) removal of organic waste products from body fluids

 

C) homeostatic regulation of the volume and solute concentration of blood plasma

 

D) elimination of waste into the environment

Definition
A)introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma
Term
The openings of the urethra and the two ureters mark an area on the internal surface of the urinary bladder called the:
Definition
          

Trigone 

 

    
Term
The initial factor that determines if urine production occurs is
Definition
Filtration
Term
The region of the kidney containing the renal pyramids, renal columns, and interlobar arteries is called the:
Definition
Renal Medulla
Term
ADH stimulates the reabsorption of water in:
Definition
both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system
Term
The three concentric layers of connective tissue that protect and anchor the kidneys are the:
Definition
renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia
Term
Blood supply to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron is provided by the:
Definition
peritubular capillaries
Term
In a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes the:
Definition
proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle
Term
The primary site of regulating water, sodium, and potassium ion loss in the nephron is the:
Definition
loop of Henle and collecting duct
Term

Which of the following is not reabsorbed in the loop of Henle?

 

A) chloride

 

B) sodium

C) potassium

D) Bicarbonate 

Definition
Bicarbonate
Term
The primary site for secretion of substances into the filtrate is the:
Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
The filtration of plasma that generates approximately 80 liters/day of filtrate occurs in the:
Definition
renal corpuscle
Term

Which of the following organic wastes is generated from the catabolism of amino acids?

 

A) creatinine

 

B) urea

C) uric acid

D) none of the above

Definition
urea
Term
The average pH for normal urine is about?
Definition
6.0
Term
Autoregulation controls the GFR by:
Definition

dilation the afferent arteriole

 

dilation of the glomerular capillaries

constriction of the efferent arteriole

Term
The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the:
Definition
capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
Term
In countercurrent multiplication, the countercurrent refers to the fact that an exchange occurs between:
Definition
fluids moving in opposite directions
Term
The result of the countercurrent multiplication mechanism is:
Definition
Increased solute concentration in descending limb of loop of Henle
Term
The expanded, funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter in the kidney is the:
Definition
renal hilus
Term
Contraction of the muscular bladder forces the urine out of the body through the:
Definition
urethra
Term
During the micturition reflex, increased afferent fiber activity in the pelvic nerves facilitates:
Definition
parasympathetic motor neurons in the sacral spinal cord
Term
Kidney stones, or calculi, can be formed by deposits of:
Definition

calcium

 

uric acid

magnesium salts

Term
Urinary incontinence is caused by:
Definition

the loss of muscle tone in the urinary sphincter muscles

 

 

Term
The filtration process within the renal corpuscle involves passage across three physical barriers, the:
Definition
capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and glomerular epithelium
Term
The thick segments in the loop of Henle contain:
Definition
transport mechanisms that pump materials out of the filtrate
Term
Sympathetic innervation into the kidney is responsible for:
Definition

regulation of glomerular blood flow and pressure

 

stimulation of renin release

direct stimulation of water and sodium ion reabsorption

Term
When plasma glucose concentrations are higher than the renal threshold, glucose concentrations in the filtrate exceed the tubular maximum (Tm) and:
Definition
glucose appears in the urine
Term
The outward pressure forcing water and solute molecules across the glomerulus wall is the:
Definition
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Term
The opposing forces of the filtration pressure at the glomerulus are the:
Definition
capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure
Term
Inadequate ADH secretion results in the inability to reclaim the water entering the filtrate, causing:
Definition
dehydration
Term
The triple-layered muscle responsible for urinary bladder contractions is the:
Definition
detrusor
Term
Aldosterone stimulates ion pumps along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct, causing a(n):
Definition
reduction in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine
Term
The high osmotic concentrations found in the kidney medulla are primarily caused by the presence of:
Definition
sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea
Term
As a means of regulating pH, which of the following would not be secreted into the fluid in the collecting system?
Definition
iron
Term
Angiotensin II is a potent hormone that:
Definition

causes constriction of the efferent arteriole at the nephron

 

 

triggers the release of ADH in the CNS

stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla

Term
Sympathetic innervation of the afferent arterioles causes a(n):
Definition
decrease in GFR and slowing of filtrate production
Term
During periods of strenuous exercise, sympathetic activation causes the blood flow to:
Definition
increase to skin and skeletal muscles; decrease to kidneys
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