Term
| Sixty to seventy percent of the water is reabsorbed in the. . ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of the renal segment that is under ADH and aldosterone stimulation is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Dilation of the afferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole causes: |
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Definition
| elevation of glomerular blood pressure to normal levels |
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Term
| The mechanism important in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids when their concentrations in the filtrate are relatively high is: |
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Definition
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Term
| When antidiuretic hormone levels rise the distal convoluted tubule becomes |
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Definition
| more permeable to water; water reabsorption increases |
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Term
| The results of the effect of aldosterone along the DCT, the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct are: |
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Definition
| increased conservation of sodium ions and water |
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Term
| The ureters are lined by what kind of epithelium, which allows them to be stretched when undergoing peristalsis and moving urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The renal corpuscle consists of: |
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Definition
| Bowman capsule and the glomerulus |
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Term
| The thin segments in the loop of Henle are: |
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Definition
| freely permeable to water; relatively impermeable to ions and other solutes |
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Term
| The collecting system in the kidney is responsible for |
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Definition
| making final adjustments to the sodium ion concentration and volume of urine |
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Term
Which of the following systems is not used to excrete wastes from the body?
A)lymphatic system
B)integumentary system
C)respiratory system
D) digestive system |
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Definition
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Term
| At a volume of ________ mL, there may be sufficient pressure in the bladder to force the opening of the internal urinary sphincter, and consequently the external urinary sphincter. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?
A) introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma
B) removal of organic waste products from body fluids
C) homeostatic regulation of the volume and solute concentration of blood plasma
D) elimination of waste into the environment |
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Definition
| A)introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma |
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Term
| The openings of the urethra and the two ureters mark an area on the internal surface of the urinary bladder called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The initial factor that determines if urine production occurs is |
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Definition
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Term
| The region of the kidney containing the renal pyramids, renal columns, and interlobar arteries is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| ADH stimulates the reabsorption of water in: |
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Definition
| both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system |
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Term
| The three concentric layers of connective tissue that protect and anchor the kidneys are the: |
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Definition
| renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia |
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Term
| Blood supply to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron is provided by the: |
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Definition
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Term
| In a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes the: |
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Definition
| proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle |
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Term
| The primary site of regulating water, sodium, and potassium ion loss in the nephron is the: |
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Definition
| loop of Henle and collecting duct |
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Term
Which of the following is not reabsorbed in the loop of Henle?
A) chloride
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) Bicarbonate |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary site for secretion of substances into the filtrate is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The filtration of plasma that generates approximately 80 liters/day of filtrate occurs in the: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following organic wastes is generated from the catabolism of amino acids?
A) creatinine
B) urea
C) uric acid
D) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| The average pH for normal urine is about? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autoregulation controls the GFR by: |
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Definition
dilation the afferent arteriole
dilation of the glomerular capillaries
constriction of the efferent arteriole |
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Term
| The pressure that represents the resistance to flow along the nephron and conducting system is the: |
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Definition
| capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) |
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Term
| In countercurrent multiplication, the countercurrent refers to the fact that an exchange occurs between: |
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Definition
| fluids moving in opposite directions |
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Term
| The result of the countercurrent multiplication mechanism is: |
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Definition
| Increased solute concentration in descending limb of loop of Henle |
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Term
| The expanded, funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter in the kidney is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Contraction of the muscular bladder forces the urine out of the body through the: |
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Definition
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Term
| During the micturition reflex, increased afferent fiber activity in the pelvic nerves facilitates: |
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Definition
| parasympathetic motor neurons in the sacral spinal cord |
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Term
| Kidney stones, or calculi, can be formed by deposits of: |
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Definition
calcium
uric acid
magnesium salts |
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Term
| Urinary incontinence is caused by: |
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Definition
the loss of muscle tone in the urinary sphincter muscles
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Term
| The filtration process within the renal corpuscle involves passage across three physical barriers, the: |
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Definition
| capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and glomerular epithelium |
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Term
| The thick segments in the loop of Henle contain: |
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Definition
| transport mechanisms that pump materials out of the filtrate |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation into the kidney is responsible for: |
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Definition
regulation of glomerular blood flow and pressure
stimulation of renin release
direct stimulation of water and sodium ion reabsorption |
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Term
| When plasma glucose concentrations are higher than the renal threshold, glucose concentrations in the filtrate exceed the tubular maximum (Tm) and: |
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Definition
| glucose appears in the urine |
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Term
| The outward pressure forcing water and solute molecules across the glomerulus wall is the: |
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Definition
| glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| The opposing forces of the filtration pressure at the glomerulus are the: |
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Definition
| capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Inadequate ADH secretion results in the inability to reclaim the water entering the filtrate, causing: |
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Definition
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Term
| The triple-layered muscle responsible for urinary bladder contractions is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone stimulates ion pumps along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct, causing a(n): |
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Definition
| reduction in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine |
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Term
| The high osmotic concentrations found in the kidney medulla are primarily caused by the presence of: |
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Definition
| sodium ions, chloride ions, and urea |
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Term
| As a means of regulating pH, which of the following would not be secreted into the fluid in the collecting system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiotensin II is a potent hormone that: |
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Definition
causes constriction of the efferent arteriole at the nephron
triggers the release of ADH in the CNS
stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the afferent arterioles causes a(n): |
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Definition
| decrease in GFR and slowing of filtrate production |
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Term
| During periods of strenuous exercise, sympathetic activation causes the blood flow to: |
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Definition
| increase to skin and skeletal muscles; decrease to kidneys |
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