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A/P I: Unit III: Hormones
Gland, Hormone secretion, target tissue, actions
96
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/02/2009

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Cards

Term
Hormones of the Hypothalamus
Definition

GHRH

GHIH

TRH

CRH

GnRH

PIH

PRH

Term
GHRH
Definition

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

(AKA - somatostatin)

Term
GHIH
Definition
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
Term
TRH
Definition
Thyroid Releasing Hormone
Term
CRH
Definition
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Term
GnRH
Definition
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Term
PIH
Definition
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone
Term
PRH
Definition
Prolactin Releasing Hormone
Term
GHRH target tissue
Definition
Adenohypophysis
Term
GHIH target tissue
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
TRH target tissue
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
CRH target tissue
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
GnRH target tissue
Definition
adenohyphopysis
Term
PIH target tissue
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
PRH target tissue
Definition
adenohypophysis
Term
GHRH action on target tissues
Definition
Increased secretion of growth hormone (GH)
Term
GHIH action on target tissue
Definition
decreased secretion of growth hormone (GH)
Term
TRH action on target tissues
Definition
increased secretion of TSH
Term
CRH action on target tissues
Definition
increase secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Term
GnRH action on target tissues
Definition

Increased secretion of LH

Increased secretion of FSH

Term
PIH action on target tissues
Definition
Decreased prolactin secretion
Term
PRH action on target tissues
Definition
Increased prolactin secretion
Term
Hormones of the neurohypophysis
Definition

ADH

OT

Term
ADH
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone
Term
OT
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
ADH target tissue
Definition
Kidney
Term
ADH action on target tissue
Definition

Increased water reabsorption

(less water lost in urination)

Term
OT target tissue
Definition

Uterus

Mammary glands

Term
OT action on target tissues
Definition

Increased uterine contraction

Increased milk expulsion

Term
Hormones of the adenohypophysis
Definition

GH

ACTH

Lipotropin

TSH

β endorphins

MSH

LH

FSH

Prolactin

Term
GH
Definition

Growth hormone

(AKA - somatotropin)

Term
ACTH
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Term
TSH
Definition
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Term
MSH
Definition
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Term
LH
Definition
Leutinizing hormone
Term
FSH
Definition
Follicle stimulating hormone
Term
GH target tissue
Definition
most body tissues
Term
GH action on target tissues
Definition

↑ Growth in tissues

↑ amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

↑ lipid breakdown and fatty acid release

↑ glycogen synthesis and blood glucose levels

↑ somatomedin production

 

Term
ACTH target tissue
Definition
adrenal cortex
Term
ACTH action on target tissues
Definition
↑ glucocorticoid hormone secretion
Term
Lipotropin target tissue
Definition
Fat tissues
Term
Lipotropin action on target tissues
Definition
↑ fat breakdown
Term
TSH target tissue
Definition
thyroid gland
Term
TSH action on target tissues
Definition
↑ thyroid hormone secretion
Term
β endorphins target tissue
Definition
brain
Term
beta endorphins action on target tissues
Definition

analgesia in brain

decreased GnRH

Term
MSH target tissue
Definition
melanocytes in skin
Term
MSH action on target tissues
Definition
↑ melanin production (making skin darker)
Term
LH target tissue
Definition

Ovaries

Testis

Term
LH action on target tissues
Definition

Ovaries

ovulation and progesterone production

 

Testes

testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production

Term
FSH target tissue
Definition

Follicles in ovaries

Seminiferous tubules in testes

Term
FSH action on target tissues
Definition

Follicles

Follicle maturation and estrogen secretion

 

Seminiferous tubules

Sperm cell production

Term
Prolactin target tissue
Definition

Ovaries

Mammary glands

Term
Prolactin action on target tissues
Definition

Ovaries

↑ response of follicle to LH and FSH

 

Mammary glands

milk production in lactating women

Term
Hormones of the Thyroid Gland
Definition

T3 & T4

Calcitonin

Term
T3
Definition
Triiodothyronine
Term

T4

 

Definition

Tetraiodothyronine

(AKA - thyroxine)

Term
T3 & T4 target tissue
Definition
Most body cells
Term
T3 and T4 action on target tissue
Definition

↑ metabolism

Support of normal growth and maturation

Term
Calcitonin target tissue
Definition
Bone
Term
Calcitonin action on target tissue
Definition

↓ rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts

Prevents large increases in blood Ca2+ levels

Term
Hormones of the Parathyroid Gland
Definition
PTH
Term
PTH
Definition
Parathyroid hormone
Term
PTH target tissue
Definition

Bone

Kidney

Small Intestine

Term
PTH action on target tissue
Definition

Bone

↑ bone breakdown by osteoclasts

 

Kidney

↑ reabsorption of Ca2+ in kidneys

 

Small Intestine

↑ absorption of Ca2+ from small intestine

 

↑ vitamin D synthesis

↑ blood Ca2+ levels

Term
Hormones of the Adrenal medulla
Definition

Norepinephrine (20%)

Epinephrine (80%)

Term
Norepinephrine target tissue
Definition
Heart and blood vessels
Term
Norepinephrine action on target tissue
Definition
↑ heart rate and force of contraction, causing vasoconstriction in skin, kidneys, GI tract and other viscera
Term
Epinephrine target tissue
Definition

Heart and blood vessels

Liver

Fat Cells

Term
Epinephrine action on target tissue
Definition

Heart & Blood Vessels:

↑ heart rate and force of contraction, causing vasoconstriction in skin, kidneys, GI tract and other viscera

 

Liver:

↑ blood levels of glucose

 

Fat Cells:

↑ fat breakdown and fatty acids in blood, preparing body for physical activity

Term
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
Definition

Aldosterone - Zona glomerulosa

(AKA - mineralcorticoids)

 

Cortisol - Zona fasciculata

(AKA - Glucocorticoids)

 

Androgens - Zona reticularis

Term
Aldosterone target tissue
Definition
Kidney
Term
Aldosterone action on target tissues
Definition

↑ Na+ reabsorption

↑ blood Na+ levels

↑ water reabsorption

↑ in blood providing ADH

↑ K+ and H+ excretion into urine

 

Term
Cortisol target tissue
Definition
Most tissues of the body
Term
Cortisol action on target tissues
Definition

↑ protein and fat breakdown

↑ glucose production

↓ immune response and inflammation

maintains receptor molecules for epinephrine and norepinephrine

Term
Androgens target tissue
Definition
Many tissues
Term
Adrogens action on target tissues
Definition

Males:

Negligible, balanced by testosterone secretion

 

Females:
Development of secondary sexual characteristics

Term
Hormones of the Pancreas
Definition

Glucagon - alpha

Insulin - beta

Somatostatin

Term
Glucagon target tissue
Definition
Liver
Term
Glucagon action on target tissue
Definition
↑ blood glucose levels and glycogen breakdown
Term
Insulin target tissue
Definition

Liver

Skeletal muscle

Fat tissue

Term
Insulin action on target tissue
Definition
↑ intake and use of glucose and amino acids, reducing blood glucose levels
Term
Somatostatin target tissue
Definition
alpha and beta cells
Term
Somatostatin action on target tissue
Definition
Inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion
Term
Hormones of the Pineal body
Definition
Melatonin
Term
Melatonin target tissue
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
Melatonin action on target tissue
Definition

↓ GnRH secretion

Regulation of sleep cycle, enhancing sleep

Term
Hormones of the Thymus
Definition
Thymosin
Term
Thymosin target tissue
Definition
Immune tissues
Term
Thymosin action on target tissue
Definition
Development and function of the immune system
Term
Hormones of the Testis
Definition
Testosterone
Term
Testosterone target tissue
Definition
Most cells of the body
Term
Testosterone action on target tissue
Definition

Spermatogenesis

Maintenance of sexual organ function

Secondary sexual characteristics

Sexual behavior

Term
Hormones of the Ovaries
Definition

Estrogens

Progesterones

Term
Estrogen and Progesterone target tissue
Definition
Most body cells
Term
Estrogen and Progesterone action on target tissues
Definition

Uterine / mammary gland development /function

External genitalia structure

Secondary sexual characteristics

Menstrual cycle

Sexual behavior (estrogen only)

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