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A & P II test 3 kidneys blood supply
blood supply of kidneys
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/17/2010

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Cards

Term
Kidneys filter the                 volume of blood                       a  day .
Definition
kidneys filter the ENTIRE volume of blood 60 times a day.
Term
Kidneys filter       L per day.
Definition
180 liters per day
Term
Kidneys filter     mL per minute.
Definition
125 milliliters per MINUTE
Term

What is the ARTERIAL flow of the blood?

DR SLIA I AGEP

Definition
DESCENDING AORTA ----> renal artery---> segmental artery ----> lobar artery ----> interlobar artery ----> arcuate artery --->interlobular artery ---> afferent arteriole ---> glomerulus ---> efferent arteriole ---> peritubular capillaries or VASA RECTA 
Term
Where is the interlobar artery located?
Definition
between medullary/renal pyramids
Term
Where is the Arcuate Artery located?
Definition
medulla-cortex junction
Term
Where is the interlobular artery located?
Definition
in cortex
Term
How many afferent arterioles are there per nephron?
Definition
one per nephron
Term
Where is the glomerulus located?
Definition
capillary bed within each nephron
Term
What does the efferent arteriole do?
Definition
drains blood from glomerulus
Term
Where are the peritubular capillaries or VASA RECTA located?
Definition
surround the length of the nephron-either one or the other- depending on the type of nephron
Term

What is the VENOUS flow?

IAIRI

Definition
interlobular vein --> arcuate vein --> interlobar vein --> renal vein --> inferior vena cava
Term
Nephrons: picture
Definition
Term
What is a nephron?
Definition
the FUNCTIONAL unit of the kidney
Term
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
Definition
more than ONE MILLION
Term
Each nephron carries out all the processes of                          .
Definition
each carries out all the processes of urine formation.
Term
What are the vascular components?
Definition
Afferent arteriole (AA) Glomerulus (Glom) Efferent Arteriole (EA) Peritubular Capillaries or VASA RECTA
Term
Afferent Arteriole (AA)
Definition

delivers blood to the GLOM

one per nephron

Term

Glomerulus (GLOM)

 

Definition

-capillaries that filter blood to form filtrate

-fenestrated epithelium

- filters 20% of blood from the afferent arteriole

Term
What does the GLOM filter?
Definition
20% of blood from the AFFERENT arteriole
Term
Efferent Arteriold (EA)
Definition
receives the 80% of blood not filtered through the glomerulus
Term
Where do the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta branch from?
Definition
the efferent arteriole
Term
Where does the blood from the peritubular capillaries drain to?
Definition
drains into venous system wrapped around the tubular component
Term
What are the pertubular capillaries important for?
Definition
important in exchanges between blood (in capillaries) and filtrate (in tubular lumen) during URINE formation
Term
What are the tubular components?
Definition

1. single layer of epithelium

2. Bowman's capsule (BC)

3. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

4. Loop of Henle (LOH)

5. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

6. Collecting Duct (CD)

Term
Where are the single layer of epithelium cells located?
Definition
on the basement membrane
Term
What does the Bowman's capsule (BC) do?
Definition
cups around the glomerulus and collects filtrate
Term
what does the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) do?
Definition
where substances the body needs that are reabsorbed from filtrate and returned to the blood (in peritubular capillaries)
Term
What is the descending loop of henle permeable and impermeable to?
Definition
descending Loop of Henle is freely permeable to water but IMPERMEABLE to SALTS
Term
What is the ascending loop of henle permeable and impermeable to?
Definition
ascending loop of henle is freely permeable to salts but IMPERMEABLE to WATER
Term
What does the DCT do?
Definition
DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE -  where substances the body does not need are secreted into the filtrate (into the tubular lumen, from the blood capillaries)
Term
What is the CD? and what does it do?
Definition
Collecting Duct - empties final urine product into the pyramids
Term
What are the two types of nephrons? what is their percentage in the kidneys?
Definition

Cortical nephrons (85%)

Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

Term
Where is the cortical nephron's LOH?
Definition
almost entirely within the renal cortex (peritubular capillaries)
Term
Where is the Juxtamedullary nephron's LOH located?
Definition
deep within the medulla (vasa recta)
Term
What is the juxtamedullary nephron specialized for?
Definition
specialized to "superconcentrate" urine (reabsorb large amounts of water)
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