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A & P II part B test 5
Urinary tract system for test 5
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/30/2008

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Term
What is ADH?
Definition
Antidiuretic Hormone: Vasopressin
Term
Where is ADH hormone made?
Definition
In the Hypothalmus
Term
What organ contains and releases ADH?
Definition
Posterior Pituitary
Term
What causes the release of this hormone?
Definition
Decrease in blood volume and Osmoreceptors will sense high osmolarity
Term
Which receptors in the Hypothalamus regulate ADH?
Definition
Osmoreceptors
Term
What are the actions of ADH?
Definition
Increase water permeability in principle cells of DCT and CT
Term
What is the effect of ADH on blood volume?
Definition
Increase blood volume to normal
Term
What effects does Alcohol have on ADH?
Definition
Inhibits ADH and causes increased urination
Term
What is ANP?
Definition
Atrial Naturiuretic Peptide
Term
What cells release ANP?
Definition
Right Atrial Cells
Term
What triggers the release of ANP?
Definition
Presso-receptors in these cells detect the stretch caused by increased blood volume
Term
What are the actions of ANP?
Definition
Diuresis, Natriuresis, (Inhibit ADH, Aldosterone, and Renin),Glomerulus of kidney in dialating afferent and constricting efferent
Term
What is Diuresis?
Definition
Increased excretion of water
Term
What is Natriuresis?
Definition
Increased excretion of sodium
Term
Does ANP increase or decrease the release of ADH, aldosterone, and renin?
Definition
Inhibit
Term
What effect does ANP have on the glomerulus of kidney?
Definition
Dialates Afferent and Constricts Efferent
Term
Does ADH dialate Afferent or Efferent?
Definition
Afferent
Term
Does ADH constrict Afferent or Efferent?
Definition
Efferent
Term
What effect does ANP have on blood volume?
Definition
Decreases blood volume
Term
Does ANP increase or decrease blood volume?
Definition
Decrease
Term
What organ releases adrenaline to mimic sympathetic stimulation and is extrinsic regulation stimulation?
Definition
Adrenal Medulla
Term
Name 2 Extrinsic regulators?
Definition
ADH- Antidiuretic Hormone
ANP- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Term
When the Adrenal Medulla releases adrelaline to mimic sympathetic stimulation, does it incrase or decrease urination?
Definition
Decrease
Term
Does exercise increase or decrease urination?
Definition
Decrease
Term
What does Intrinsic regulation mean with respect to the kidneys?
Definition
control is from WITHIN the kidneys
Term
Describe the Myogenic mechanism that operates in Intrinsic regulation.
Definition
smooth muscles contract when the walls of afferent arterioles are stretched- high bp- smooth muscles contract to decrease GFR
Term
What type of mechanism is Renin?
Definition
Angiotensin mechanism
Term
Which cells release Renin?
Definition
JG cells (Juxtaglomerular )
Term
What does the Macula Densa (DCT) detect?
Definition
Detects an increase in osmolarity- Directly signal JG cells to secrete Renin
Term
What type of receptors does teh Juxtaglomerular cells have (afferent arteriole)?
Definition
Presso Receptors that detect decreased stretch due to low blood volume
Term
What does the Juxtaglomerular apparatus do?
Definition
Renin will be released to increase volume and blood pressure
Term
How does the Renal Sympathetic nerve stimulation work?
Definition
With exercise, afferent arteriole is constricted anddecreases blood flow- decrease in GFR-decrease in Urine=increase in blood volume
Term
How is Angiotensin I made?
Definition
Angiotensinogen and Renin
Term
Name an active precursor made by the liver to make angiotensin I
Definition
Angiotensinogen
Term
How is Angiotensin II made?
Definition
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) + Angiotensin I
Term
What is the composition of Angiotensin II?
Definition
Angioensin I + ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
Term
What do ACE inhibitors do?
Definition
Control bp in hypertensive patients
Term
Can angiotensin II cause release of Aldosterone?
Definition
Yes, from Adrenal Cortex
Term
When Aldosterone is released, what is reabsorbed, and what is secreted?
Definition
100% reabsorption of Na+, water follows, Secretion of K+ or H+
Term
When Angiotensin II is activated, does it stimulate the thirst center?
Definition
Yes in hypothalmus- take in liquid and increase blood volume
Term
Can Angiotensin II cause the release of ADH?
Definition
Yes (secreted by posterior pituitary)
Term
When ADH is released, is water reabsorption increased or decreased?
Definition
Increased
Term
When angiotensin II is activated, what happens to the Efferent arterioles?
Definition
Vasoconstriction- increases GFR
Term
When Angiotensiin II is activated, what happens to smooth muscle cells?
Definition
Constrict to increase blood pressure which increases GFR
Term
In Tubular reabsorption, what is returned to the blood stream?
Definition
Filtrate
Term
In tubular reabsorption, which Convoluted tubule is responsible for the majority of reabsorption and contains microvilli?
Definition
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Term
Which convoluted tubule is responsible for fine tuning and reabsorption?
Definition
Distal convoluted tubule
Term
What 2 capillaries are involved in tubular reabsorption?
Definition
Vasa Recta and Pertitubular capillaries
Term
Where are the Vasa recta capillaries?
Definition
Capillaries around the Loop of Henle
Term
Where are the Pertitubular Capillaries?
Definition
Around the PCT and DCT
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