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A&P II Lab Exam 2
Heart, Cardio Physiology, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic System
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/28/2010

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Cards

Term
decribe the histology of cardiac muscle
Definition
mono-nucleated branched cells
centrally located nuclei
striated or banded pattern due to myofiliament oraganization
intercalated discs
t tubule
Term
Right Atrioventricular Valve is also called
Definition
tricuspid valve
Term
Left Atrioventricular valve is also called
Definition
bicuspid or mitral valve
Term
what are the three layers of the heart wall
Definition
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
Term
the flap like lateral wall of each atrium is called
Definition
auricle
Term
the _____ veins deliver blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Definition
pulmonary
Term
the right av valve is also known as the _______ valve
Definition
tricuspid
Term
the wall of the atrium is _____ in comparison to the wall of the ventricle
Definition
thin
Term
the _______ prevent backflwo of blood through the heart
Definition
aortic/pulmonary semilunar valves
Term
the blood is flowing from the heart to the ____ during pulmonary circulation
Definition
lungs
Term
blood leaves the ____ side of the heart to enter into systemic circulation
Definition
left
Term
the ____ _____ anchor the av valve to the papillary muscles
Definition
chordae tendinae
Term
before birth, the hole that exists in the atria is called the ___ ____
Definition
foramen ovale
Term
explain the flow of electrical signals in the heart
Definition
sa node
av node
bundle of his
bundle branches
purkinje fibers
Term
what is a moderator band used for?
Definition
used by radiologists to identify right ventricle in prenatal ultrasound
Term
what causes the first heart sound or the "lubb"
Definition
av valve closing
Term
what causes the second heart sound or the "dubb"?
Definition
semilunar valves close
Term
what insturments are used to take blood pressure?
Definition
sphygmomanometer and a stethescope
Term
how far do you inflate the sphygomomanometer to take blood pressure? why?
Definition
inflate the cuff by squeezing the bulb until the pressure exceeds 170mmHg

at this point the brachial artery is compressed tightly, and no blood should be able to flow through
Term
Korotkoff sounds
Definition
sounds heard when taking blood pressure

the first sound you hear when the beating begins is systolic pressure

the second sound will be when the beatings sound subsides (diastolic pressure)
Term
what is a normal blood presure reading?
Definition
120/80
Term
define hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure

systolic is greater than 140 and diastolic is greater than 90
Term
define hypotension
Definition
low blood pressure

when diastolic pressure falls by 20 mm Hg
Term
define heart rate. what is a normal heart rate?
Definition
number of beats per minute, 72 beats per minute
Term
define stroke volume what is average stroke volume?
Definition
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one beat

avg is 70ml
Term
define cardiac output. how do you calculate cardic output?
Definition
the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute

cardiac output= heart rate x stroke vol.
Term
the ___ wave corresponds with atrial depolarization
Definition
P wave
Term
the ____ wave corresponds with ventricular depolarization
Definition
QRS complex
Term
the ___ wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization
Definition
T wave
Term
tunica interna (intima)(histology of artery and vein)
Definition
endothelium and basal lamina with collagen fibers
Term
tunica media (histology of artery and vein)
Definition
middle smooth muscular layer with collagen and elastin fibers

arteries contain a significant muscular layer contribution in the tunica media
Term
tunica externa (adventitia) (histology of vein and artery)
Definition
outer tissue layer of collagen and elastin fibers
Term
what does the brachiocephalic trunk do?
Definition
divides the right common carotid and right subclavian artery
Term
where is the left subclavian artery found
Definition
below the clavicle
Term
the descending aorta is found where
Definition
in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm
Term
the abdominal aorta is found where
Definition
in the abdominal cavity/ below the diaphragm
Term
the superior vena cava is formed by what
Definition
the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins
Term
right brachiocephalic vein is formed by what
Definition
the union of the right subclavian and right external jugular vein
Term
left brachiocephalic vein is formed by what
Definition
union of the left subclavian vein and the left external jugular vein
Term
where are internal carotids located
Definition
in the brain
Term
the jugular veins divide into ______
Definition
internal and external jugular veins which parallel carotid arteries
Term
name the vessels of the upper limb in order
Definition
subclavian
axillary
brachial
ulnar and radial
Term
name the vessels of the abdomen also known as the branches of the celiac trunk
Definition
hepatic
gastric
splenic
superior mesentric artery and vein
inferior mesentric artery and vein
Term
superior msentric artery and vein are located where?
Definition
intestines superior
Term
inferior mesentric artery and vein are located where?
Definition
intestines inferior
Term
what is the function of the hepatic artery?
Definition
systemic circulation to the liver
Term
hepatic portal vein does what
Definition
carries venous blood with absorbed contents directly from GI tract into liver to be processed
Term
hepatic vein
Definition
carries venous blood from liver to inferior vena cava
Term
list in order the hepatic portal circulation
Definition
veins from digetsive organs
hepatic portal vein
liver sinusoids
hepatic vein
inferior vena cava
Term
where is the interior illiac veins and arties located
Definition
pelvis and gluteal region
Term
list in order blood flow of the lower limbs
Definition
right and left common iliac
internal iliac
external iliac
femoral
popliteal
anterior and posterior tibial
Term
brachiocephalic artery, ________, right axillary artery
Definition
r. subclavian artery
Term
ascending aorta, _________, descending aorta
Definition
aortic arch
Term
axillary artery, ______, radial artery
Definition
brahcial artery
Term
common iliac artery, ________, femoral artery
Definition
external iliac artery
Term
liver, ______, inferior vena cava
Definition
hepatic vein
Term
right subclavian, ________, superior vena cava
Definition
right subclavian vein
Term
posterior tibial vein, ______, femoral vein
Definition
popliteal vein
Term
what are the three types of tonsil?
Definition
pharyngeal, palatines, linguals
Term
what set of tonsils are removed when people have tonsilitis?
Definition
pharyngeal
Term
the thymus is where ____ lymphocytes mature.
Definition
T lymphocytes
Term
the ____ is the largest lymphatic organ
Definition
spleen
Term
the islands (nodules) within the spleen that contain many lymphocytes comprise the ______
Definition
white pulp
Term
the thoracic duct empties into the ____ vein
Definition
left subclavian vein
Term
the function of a lymph node is to _____ lymph
Definition
cleanse
Term
in order to activate a lymph node site it must first ______ foreign antigen and then ______
Definition
1. identify
2. activate
Term
long term immunity is provided by ______ cells
Definition
memory cells
Term
the _____ lymphocyte recognizes foreign antigen bound to MHC-I
Definition
cytotoxic (Tc)
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