Term
_Oxidation of amino acids
_Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
_Aerobic respiration of glucose
_Hyrdolysis of nucleic acids
_Anaerobic respiration of glucose
A) Carbonic acid B) Lactic acid C) Acidic ketone D) sulfuric acid E) Phosphoric Acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Released when the calcium blood level is high |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is ______. |
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Definition
| rising potassium concentration |
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Term
| The thirst center is located in the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water intoxication causes _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The technical term for water intoxication is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
_Produced in a reaction between acids and bases
_Substances that ionizes in a water solution
_Substances that ionizes in water to release hydroxide ions
_Prevent drastic changes in the pH of body fluids
_Substances that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions
A) electrolyte B) Acid C) Base D) Salt E) Buffer |
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Definition
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Term
| Ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion may lead to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would be most helpful in treating hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Adminstering high doses of vitamin D and calcium salts |
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Term
| If excess water enters the body, ________. |
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Definition
| osmoreceptors in the brain swell. |
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Term
| ___% of water is lost through urine. |
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Definition
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Term
Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by:
A) prolonged vomiting
B) taking too many antacids
C) taking dieuretics
D) gastic lavage ("stomach pumping") |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has ________. |
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Definition
| less water and more adipose tissue. |
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Term
Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of water by weight in an adult male?
A) 35 %
B) 45 %
C) 55 %
D) 65 %
E) It depends on how much he has recently drunk. |
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Definition
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Term
Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the:
A) cerebrospinal fluid
B) aqueous and vitreous humor of the eys
C) synovial fluid of the joints
D) serous fluid in body cavities
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Dehyrdation is caused by:
A) excessive sweating
B) prolonged water deprivaton
C) prolonged vomiting
D) prolonged diarrheah
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of water is lost through skin and lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids?
A) Anaerobic respiration of glucose
B) Aerobic respiration of glucose
C) Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
D) Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
E) All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing the ______.
|
|
Definition
| distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water |
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Term
| Thirst is triggered when total body water decreases by as little as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid. |
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Term
| Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because ___________. |
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Definition
| electrolytes are dissolved in water. |
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Term
| Intracellular fluid compartment accounts for about ___% by volume of total body weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phosphate buffer system consists of _______. |
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Definition
| monohydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate. |
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Term
| Hyperventilation leads to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The part of an amino acid that is important in the protein buffer system is the _____________. |
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Definition
| the amino and carboxyl groups |
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Term
| Water metabolism is ________. |
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Definition
| a by-product of the oxidative metabolism of nutrients |
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Term
| Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
Hyperkalemia can be caused by:
A) renal disease, which reduces excretion
B) drugs that promote renal conservation of potassium
C) insufficient secretion of aldosterone
D) a shift of potassium from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
_Abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid within the interstitial spaces
_accumulation of too much carbon dioxide
_Results when output of water exceeds intake
_Water intoxication due to excessive fluid intake
_Causes too much CO2 to be lost and results in respiratory alkalosis
A) Dehyrdation B) Hyponatremia C) Edema E) Respiratory acidosis |
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Definition
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Term
| When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Addison's disease is characterized by __________. |
|
Definition
| alosterone deficiency and loss of extracellular sodium |
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Term
| A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diabetes mellitus, in which fatty acids react to produce ketone bodies, leads to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium ions account for nearly _____% of the electrolytes in extracellular fluids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Extracellular fluids have relatively ___________. |
|
Definition
| high sodium and low potassium concentrations. |
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Term
Low plasma protein concentrations can cause edema.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is ___________. |
|
Definition
| headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry. |
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Term
| An adult female is ____% water by weight. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acidosis is a pH of arterial blood _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Total daily average of fluid intake or output is _______ ml. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The 3 most important electrolytes are: |
|
Definition
| sodium, potassium, calcium |
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Term
| A strong acid is one that ______ and an example is ______. |
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Definition
| ionizes more completely; HC1. |
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Term
| The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by __________. |
|
Definition
| hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by _____________. |
|
Definition
| converting strong acids to weak acids |
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Term
| The respiratory center is most likely to increase the breathing rate if the ____________. |
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Definition
| pH of body fluids is decreasing. |
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Term
Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include:
A) light headedness
B) agitation
C) tingling
D) titanic muscle contractions
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are chemicals that promote urine production. |
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Definition
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Term
| Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from _________. |
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Definition
| distension of her stomach. |
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Term
| The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alkalosis is a pH of arterial blood ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
Hypernatremia:
A) can be caused by high fever.
B) can be caused by low levels of ADH.
C) can cause confusion, stupor, and coma.
D) is high sodium concentration.
E) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the largest compartment of extracellular water?
A) Plasma
B) Lymph
C) Interstitial fluid
D) Transcellular fluid
E) Cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is released when calcium blood level is low. |
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Definition
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