Shared Flashcard Set

Details

A&P II: Endocrine System
Based on information from the Pearson Textbook. Marieb & Hoehn. Used for Professor Kleinelp anatomy class.
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/11/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The anterior pituitary gland produces how many well-understood hormones?
Definition
Six.
Term
The anterior pituitary gland is composed of:

A) Glandular Tissue
B) Neural Tissue
Definition
Glandular Tissue
Term
The posterior pituitary gland is composed of:

A) Glandular Tissue
B) Neural Tissue
Definition
Neural Tissue
Term
The posterior lobe of the pit. gland releases how many hormones?
Definition
2.
Term
The post. lobe of the pit. gland releases hormones produced by neurons in the ______.
Definition
Hypothalamus.
Term
The peptide hormones of the anterior pituitary are?
Definition
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (lutenizing hormones - the gonadotropins)
(ACTH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone or corticotropin
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
Term
TSH stimulates secretion of what hormone by which gland?
Definition
Thyroid; thyroid gland.
Term
What does FSH do in females?
Definition
Stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicle in women and production of ESTROGEN.
Term
LH does what in females?
Definition
Triggers ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and PROGESTERONE
Term
What does FSH do in males?
Definition
Stimulates sperm production.
Term
LH does what in males?
Definition
Stimulates production of testosterone.
Term
ACTH stimulates the secretion of what?
Definition
Glucorticoids and other hormones of the adrenal cortex.
Term
Growth hormone is responsible for what?
Definition
Stimulates growth and energy metabolism. Most growth effects of GH require intermediary proteins called somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors (IGFs).
Term
PRL (Prolactin) does what?
Definition
Stimulates lactation in females.
Term
The pineal gland produces _____?
Definition
Melatonin, an amine hormone.
Term
Melatonin does what?
Definition
Studies suggest it coordinates body activities with light-dark cycles.
Term
Thyroid gland produces what two hormones?
Definition
Thyroid hormone (TH) and Calcitonin.
Term
Follicular cells in the THYROID produce ______
Definition
Thyroid hormone, an amine.
Term
Parafollicular cells in the thyroid produce ______.
Definition
Calcitonin, a peptide.
Term
Thyroglobulin is _________
Definition
Fills the large follicles in the thyroid gland. Makes up TH.
Term
Thyroid hormone amplifies the activity of the ___________
Definition
Sympathetic nervous system.
Term
Calcitonin inhibits the activity of _______.
Definition
Osteoclasts
Term
C cells produce ______.
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
Parathyroid glands produce ________.
Definition
Peptide Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
Term
PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)acts on the kidney to _____________.
Definition
Increase reabsorption of calcium.
Term
PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)increases ________ of bone, thereby making blood calcium levels __________ (increase/decrease)?
Definition
Resorption; Increase
Term
PTH promotes final conversion of _________ to its active form.
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
The active form of Vitamin D is _______
Definition
Steroid hormone calcitriol. Increases uptake of calcium from the intestine.
Term
The thymus produces ________.
Definition
Thymosin and thymopoietin, peptide hormones.
Term
Thymic hormones appear to regulate __________.
Definition
T-Cell development.
Term
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the _________. The inner layer is the _________.
Definition
Adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla.
Term
Adrenal cortex secretes 3 families of hormones. They are:
Definition
Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.
Term
Mineralocorticoids regulate...
Definition
Salt balance.
Term
The most important mineralocorticoids is _________.
Definition
Aldosterone.
Term
The most important mineralocorticoids is ______.
Definition
Aldosterone.
Term
The zona glomerulosa produces ________.
Definition
Mineralocorticoids
Term
The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis produce __________ and _______.
Definition
Glucocorticoids. Includes cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone.

Androgens (male sex hormones), includes androstenedione and testosterone.
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Regulates energy metabolism, regulates immune system, facilitates the stress response.
Term
The adrenal medulla produces _________.
Definition
Catecholamines.
Term
The family of Catecholamines are made up of which two main hormones?
Definition
Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE)
Term
Catecholamines are important during what?
Definition
Fight or flight response.
Term
The pancreas has both _____ and _____ functions.
Definition
Endocrine; exocrine.

The exocrine secretions are digestive juices.
Term
Acinar cells produce _________.
Definition
Digestive juices.
Term
Pancreatic islets are composed of what two cells?
Definition
Beta cells and alpha cells.
Term
Beta cells secrete ____. Alpha cells secrete _____.
Definition
Insulin; Glucagon.
Term
Somatostatin is produced by ______ and its function is ___________.
Definition
Rare cells among the pancreatic islets; not well understood.
Term
Insulin promotes ______ in the _____, ____, and ________.
Definition
Insulin promotes storage of organic tissue in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue.
Term
Insulin ________ (increases/decreases) uptake of ______ in tissues.
Definition
Increases; glucose.
Term
Insulin promotes _____ synthesis in liver and muscle and _______ synthesis in liver and adipose tissue.
Definition
Glycogen; triglyceride
Term
The end result of insulin secretion is _______ (increased/decreased) levels of ________.
Definition
Decreased; blood-glucose.
Term
Glucagon stimulates ________.
Definition
Breakdown of glycogen.
Term
Glucagon stimulates synthesis of _________.
Definition
Glucose and ketones.
Term
Ovaries produce ________. Steroids are ______. Peptide is ________.
Definition
Female sex hormones;
Estrogen and progesterone;
Inhibin
Term
Estrogen and inhibin are produced first by ______ then by the ________.
Definition
Granulosa cells; corpus luteum.
Term
Estrogen and progesterone regulate _____.
Definition
Ovarian function, cyclic changes in uterine lining, and breast development during puberty.
Term
Testes produce ________.
Definition
Male sex hormone.
Term
Male sex hormone includes the steroid ______ and the peptide _____.
Definition
Testosterone; inhibin.
Term
Testosterone is produced by ______ and inhibin is produced by the _______.
Definition
Interstitial cells; sustentacular cells.
Term
Inhibin supresses secretion of ____.
Definition
FSH
Term
Source, Target Organ, Effects
Growth Hormone
Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Supporting users have an ad free experience!