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A/P II: Chapter 21
Arteries and Veins
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/06/2010

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Term
Muscle tissue
Definition
Where in the body continuous capillaries are found
Term
Intestinal villi
Definition
Where in the body fenestrated capillaries are found.
Term
Endocrine glands
Definition
Where in the body sinusoidal capillaries are found.
Term
Liver
Definition
Where in the body sinusoids are found.
Term
Spleen
Definition
Where in the body venous sinuses are found.
Term

Lipid-soluble substances

Small water-soluble molecules

Large water-soluble molecules

Definition
What substances can pass through capillaries...
Term
Red blood cells and large proteins
Definition
What cannot readily pass through capillaries?
Term

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Definition
Two important lipid-soluble substances.
Term
Regulate flow of blood in branches of thoroughfare channels.
Definition
Function of precapillary sphincters
Term
Skin, thermoregulation
Definition
Area of the body where density of thoroughfare channels are highest and major function.
Term
Vasa vasorum
Definition
Capillary network within the middle and outer layers of larger blood vessels
Term
Arteriovenous anastomoses
Definition
Connects arterioles and venules allowing blood to bypass capillaries.
Term
Portal veins
Definition
Veins that connect one capillary network to another in a different part of the body.
Term

Hepatic Portal Veins

Hypothalamohypophysial Portal Veins

Definition
Two portal veins in the body.
Term
GI tract and spleen to liver
Definition
Two areas connected by the hepatic portal
Term
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Definition
Two areas that are connected by the hypothalamohypophysial portal.
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
Function of unmyelinated sympathetic nerves to blood vessels.
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Function of unmyelinated parasympathetic nerves on blood vessels.
Term
Baroreceptors
Definition
Function of myelinated sympathetic nerves on blood vessels.
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Arteries become less elastic due to degenerative changes
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Narrowing of arteries due to calcium deposits or increased connective tissue.
Term
Blood flowing past valves of heart.
Definition
Most prevalent area for turbulent flow
Term
Sounds made by turbulent flow which can be heard by stethescope.
Definition
What are Kortokoff sounds?
Term

Flow (BF) = Δ Pressure 

              R

Definition
Equation for blood flow
Term

R = 8 vl

       Πr4

Definition
equation for resistance
Term
Poiselle's Law
Definition

Flow = ΔP = Πr4

             R  = 8vl  

Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Number of RBCs in blood as a percentage.
Term
Increase in hematocrit increases viscosity
Definition
Relationship between hematocrit and viscosity.
Term
Compliance
Definition
The measure of a blood vessels ability to stretch as blood pressure increases.
Term

Compliance = Δ volume

                    Δ pressure

Definition
Equation for compliance
Term
Autonomic and hormone regulation
Definition
What controls constriction or dilation of arterioles?
Term
Pulse pressure
Definition
The difference between diastolic pressure and systolic pressure.
Term
40 mm Hg
Definition
Pulse pressure at the aorta
Term
0 mm Hg
Definition
Pulse pressure at the vena cava
Term

120 mm Hg systolic

80 mm Hg diastolic

40 mm Hg pulse pressure

Definition
Average diastolic, systolic and pulse pressure in healthy adult.
Term
As blood enters the arteries
Definition
Where pulse pressure drops to zero in the circulatory system.
Term

Decreased stroke volume

 

Increased constriction of arteries

Definition
Two causes for weak pulses
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Method used by lipid soluble molecules to pass into capillaries.
Term

Through intercellular spaces

Through fenestrations

Mediated Transport

Pinocytosis

Definition
Four methods used by water-soluble molecules to pass through capillaries.
Term
Net filtration pressure
Definition
Force required to move fluid across a capillary wall. (ie, difference between net hydrostatic pressure and net osmotic pressure).
Term
Net hydrostatic pressure
Definition
Difference in pressure between the blood and the interstitial fluid
Term
Net osmotic pressure
Definition
Difference in blood colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial colloid osmotic pressure.
Term

Arteriolar End

 

Hydrostatic pressure is higher.

Definition
Where net filtration pressure is higher, arteriolar or venule end? Why?
Term
Absorption of all excess fluid not absorbed at the venous end.
Definition
function of lymphatics
Term
venous tone
Definition
continual state of partial contraction of the veins
Term
Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction
Definition
Causes/controls venous tone
Term

Carbon dioxide

Lactic acid

Adenosine

Adenosine monophosphate

Adenosine triphosphate

EDRF

Potassium

Hydrogen

 

Definition
Eight examples of vasodilator substances
Term
vasomotion
Definition
Cyclic fluctuations of periodic relaxation and contraction of precapillary sphincters.
Term
Angiotensin II
Definition
What is produced when renin acts on a protein.
Term

Vasoconstriction

Stimulation of alosterone secretion

Definition
Two actions caused by Angiotensin II
Term
Blood pressure increases
Definition
What happens when urine output decreases?
Term

Increased water absorption

 

Definition
Effect of ADH on kidney
Term
Increased sodium absorption by kidneys and stimulates release of ADH.
Definition
Effect of aldosterone on kidney and adrenal cortex.
Term
Blood pressure increases
Definition
Effect of increased water and sodium absorption by kidneys.
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