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A/P II: Chapter 19
Blood
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/06/2010

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Term

Albumin

Globulin

Fibrinogin

Definition
3 Major Classes of Plasma Proteins
Term
Function of Albumin
Definition
Function: Contributes to viscosity and osmotic pressure, transport fats, act as a buffer.
Term
Function of Globulins
Definition
Function: transport lipids and ions, aids in immunity
Term
Function of Fibrinogin
Definition
Function: Clotting
Term

Neutrophils,

Basophils,

Eosinophils

Definition
Granulocytes
Term

Lymphocytes,

Monocytes

Definition
Agranulocytes
Term
Platelets
Definition
Derived from megakaryocyte
Term
Hematopoiesis
Definition
blood cell production
Term
hemocytoblasts
Definition
blood stem cells, where all formed elements in blood are derived from.
Term

Proerythroblast,

Myeloblast,

Lymphoblast,

Monoblast,

Megakaryoblast

Definition
Five types of cells derived from hemocytoblasts
Term
Proerythroblast
Definition
RBC hemocytoblast
Term
Myeloblast
Definition
Granulocyte hemocytoblast
Term
Lymphoblast
Definition
Lymphocytes hemocytoblast
Term
Monoblast
Definition
Monocyte hemocytoblast
Term
Megakaryoblast
Definition
platelet hemocytoblast
Term

1. can squeeze into capillaries

2. shorter diffusion pathway for gases

Definition
2 advantages to biconcave shape of RBC
Term

1. Dissolved in Plasma

2. Bound to hemoglobin

3. bicarbonate ions

Definition
Three ways CO2 is transported
Term

4 subunits of globin + 1 Heme

 

4 oxygen bound to heme

 

Iron atom in center of heme

 

1 carbon dioxide molecule

Definition
Four structures found on hemoglobin molecule
Term

Embryonic

Fetal

Adult

Definition
3 Types of Hemoglobin molecules
Term
oxyhemoglobin
Definition
oxygenated form of hemoglobin (each heme has oxygen bound)
Term
deoxyhemoglobin
Definition
Hemoglobin that has no oxygen, appears darker red than oxygentated hemoglobin
Term
Carbaminohemoglobin
Definition
hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to non-heme portion of globin molecule
Term
Nucleus is lost by extrusion
Definition
What happens when erythroblast becomes reticulocyte?
Term
Ribosomes degenerate
Definition
What happens when reticulocytes become mature RBCs?
Term
Erytrhopoietin
Definition
Glycoprotein and hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBC's and reduces the time to maturity.
Term

Amino acids,

Iron,

Bilirubin

Definition
What is produced when macrophages "digest" hemoglobin from ruptured RBC?
Term

1. Plugging holes in small vessels

2. Promoting the formation and contraction of clots

Definition
2 major functions of platelets in preventing blood loss
Term

1. Vascular Spasm,

2. Platelet plug formation,

3. Coagulation

Definition
3 major events of hemostasis
Term
Platelet plug
Definition
An accumulation of platelets that can seal up small breaks in blood vessels
Term

1. Platelet adhesion

2. Platelet release reaction

3. Platelet aggregation

Definition
3 steps involved in platelet plug formation
Term
Platelets bind to collagen by Von Willebrand factor
Definition
Major event in platelet adhesion
Term
Activation of other platelets by ADP, thromboxanes and other chemicals.
Definition
Major event in platelet release reaction.
Term
Platelets are connected to one another by fibrinogin.
Definition
Major event in platelet aggregation.
Term
Prevent coagulation when not wanted.
Definition
Major function of anticoagulants
Term
Clot retraction
Definition
Fibrinogin extensions contract
Term
Fibrinolysis
Definition
Dissolution of clot a few days after clot formation.
Term
Hydrolyze fibrin - helps break down clot
Definition
Function of plasmin
Term

Type A,

Type B,

Type AB,

Type O

Definition
Four ABO blood groups
Term
Where extrinsic and intrinsic factors come to a common pathway
Definition
Significance of Factor X
Term

Factor X activates (→) prothrombinase

Prothrombinase→ prothrombin

Prothrombin → thrombin

Thrombin → fibrinogin

Fibrinogin → fibrin

Fibrin forms majority of clot matrix 

Definition
Pathway from Factor X to fibrin
Term
Anti-B 
Definition
Antibodies in Type A blood
Term
Anti-A 
Definition
Antibodies in Type B blood
Term
None
Definition
Antibodies in Type AB blood
Term
Both Anti-A and Anti-B, but no antigens
Definition
Antibodies in Type O blood
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