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A&P Final
Urinary, Immune, Digestive, Endocrine, Water, Electrolyte, Acid/Base,
61
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/03/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the major organs of the Urinary System?
Definition
2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra
Term
What are the major organs of the Digestive System?
Definition
Mouth, esophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and anus.
Term
The endocrine system contains what major glands?
Definition
Thymus gland, pineal gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, sexual gland, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid gland.
Term
What is erythropoitin used for?
Definition
Regulates RBC production.
Comes from the kidneys.
Term
Define what a nephron is and the major function.
Definition
Is the functional unit of the kidney. Forms urine.
Term
What is the major function of the glomerulus?
Definition
Where urine formation begins. Works by filtration.
Term
What is the major action of a diuretic and what does that action create in the human body?
Definition
Alows excretion of water and prevents absorption. It increases urin output. (diuresis)
Term
What is the major function of aldosterone?
Definition
Regulates BP. Known as the "salt-retaining hormone".
Term
Know the major function of Renin.
Definition
Regulated BP.
Term
Know the major function of Angiotensin.
Definition
Regulates BP.
Term
Which hormones and chemicals in the urinary system help to regulate blood pressure?
Definition
aldosterone, renin and angiotensin, antidiuretic hormone. ADH
Term
One of the primary jobs of the parathyroid is to regulate the reabsorption of what mineral?
Definition
Calcium
Term
Ubderstand what specific gravity is and how is it used as a diagnostic tool to determine a person's hydration level.
Definition
High specific gravity= dehydration
Low specific gravity= overhydration
Term
What is a nephrologist?
Definition
Study of kidney function.
Term
What is a urologist?
Definition
Study of the urinary system.
Term
Which hormone allows the kidneys to concentrate the urine?
Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
The pigment of the urine most commonly arises from the presence of what?
Definition
Bile
Term
Define dysuria.
Definition
Difficulty/painful urinating.
Term
Define hematuria.
Definition
Blood in the urine.
Term
Define glyosuria.
Definition
Sugar in the urine.
Term
Define proteinuria.
Definition
Protein in the urine.
Term
Define oliguric.
Definition
Decreased urine output.
Term
Define uremic/uremia.
Definition
Blood is not cleansed of waste products.
Term
Define voiding.
Definition
Expelling urine.
Term
Define micturation.
Definition
Expelling urine.
Term
Define urination.
Definition
Expelling urine.
Term
Define defecation.
Definition
Expelling feces (BM)
Term
Define flatus.
Definition
Gas excretion.
Term
Define excretion.
Definition
Getting rid of, out.
Term
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by a large excretion of what?
Definition
Protein in the urine.
Term
If your patient had a lithotripsy, what common procedure would you be asked to perform each time the patient voided?
Definition
Strain the urine.
Term
Define immune system.
Definition
Elaborate defense system against pathogens and foreign agents.
Term
What is an example of mechanical immunity?
Definition
Intact skin.
Term
What is an example of chemical immunity?
Definition
Tears
Term
What is an example of reflex immunity?
Definition
Cough
Term
Know what interferons are and what they do.
Definition
They are protective proteins.
Term
Know how immunoglobulins are different from other types of vaccinations.
Definition
They are short-term.
Term
What is passive immunity?
Definition
Passed from mother to fetus. Lasts about 6 months.
Term
What is acquired immunity?
Definition
Get the illness and build antibodies against it.
Term
What is artificial adaptive immunity?
Definition
Vaccines/immunizations.
Term
What is natural adaptive immunity?
Definition
Inherited, exposure.
Term
Why is anaphylaxtic shock life threatening?
Definition
Hypotension and bronchoconstriction.
Term
What does the term autoimmune disease mean?
Definition
The body attacks itself.
Term
What does the term organ rejection mean?
Definition
Recipients immune system recognizes the organ as a foreign object and attacks it.
Term
What is the definition of a hormone?
Definition
A chemical substance that influences or controls the activities of other tissues or organs.
Term
What does it mean if a hormone has a target organ or tissue?
Definition
Each hormone binds with a specific organ or tissue.
Term
What are the three means by which hormone secretion is controlled?
Definition
Negative feedback control, biorhythms, CNS.
Term
What are the primary hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Definition
ADH release.
Term
What are the differences between hypo and hyper thyroid signs and symptoms?
Definition
Hypo-Hair breaks easily, weight gain.
Hyper-Metabolism speeds up, Grave's disease.
Term
A goiter is caused by a deficeincy in what chemical?
Definition
Iodine
Term
A goiter is caused by a deficeincy in what chemical?
Definition
Iodine
Term
Tetany is defined as what? What is it a deficeincy in?
Definition
Muscle spasms, Calcium
Term
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
Definition
Steroids
Term
In the pancreas what type of cells secrete what type of hormones?
Definition
Alpha cells- glucogen
Beta cells- insulin
Term
What is the basic function of insulin?
Definition
Lowers blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells.
Term
Diabetes is a disorder of insulin_______.
Definition
Ineffectiveness
Term
What are the three Ps of diabetes?
Definition
polyuria, polydypsia, polyephasia.
Term
What proteins break down in a person and what is the odor that is present in their breath?
Definition
Ketones, fruity smell.
Term
What is the role of the thymus gland?
Definition
Immune system-Lasts a few weeks/months after birth.
Term
Pineal gland has a basic role in what?
Definition
Biological clock.
Term
Prostogandins are associated with what?
Definition
Pain
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