Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Amino Acids in hemoglobin |
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Definition
| holds heme group which hold irons which interacts with oxygen for pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| `10% dissolved, 30% on hemoglobin, 60% on carbonic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| loses nucleus before bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Erythropoietin control of erythopoiesis |
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Definition
| monitors oxygen delivery in kidneys. effector site is bone marrow and makes more RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| spleen (red) -> liver (green-bile) -> GI tract (brown) |
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Term
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Definition
| 40-70%. picks up neither basic or acidic. dangerous enzymes, first to arrive. Phagocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| picks up acidic dye. allergic response. 1-7%. worm infestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-1%. basic blue dye. histamine (inflammation) and heparine (prevents clotting) |
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Term
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Definition
| largest, come later, kill better. 4-8%. Phagocyte or isolate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Platelets- portion of cells from marrow for clotting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common Pathway to Clotting |
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Definition
| Calicum, platelet phospholipid, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, clot |
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Term
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Definition
| plasminogen (inactive), plasmin (active, breaks down clot) |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue between two sides of heart |
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Term
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Definition
| = pressure1-pressue2/resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| = number of molecule/size of box |
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Term
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Definition
| highest leak of Na+ comes to threshold 100 times/min. paces rest of system |
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Term
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Definition
| between right and left atrium |
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
| can comes to threshold without SA node |
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Term
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Definition
| if it dies, put in pacemaker. electrical conduction goes through here. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| depolarization of ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| depolarization of ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| late diastole; from T to P for next QRS |
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Term
| Isovolumetric ventricular contraction |
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Definition
| early systole; ventricle begins to contract but not pumping out any blood. volume stays the same. first heart sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| late systole; pump out of ventricle before atrium contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| early diastole; no blood flow. 2nd heart sound |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount pumped out (65-75) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stroke volume/end diastolic volume |
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Term
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Definition
| heart rate X stroke volume |
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Term
| Pressure in R. and L. ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| must have Nitrous Oxide to keep hemoglobin carrying oxygen |
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Term
| Controls of Cardiac Output (3 physical, 2 neuroendocrine) |
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Definition
| respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump, venous constriction, sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| lumen, tunica intima (epithelial tissue), tunica media (smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (conn. tissue, tough) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous (1-blood brain), Fenestrated (2-GI tract, kidneys), Sinusoids (multiple- liver) |
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Term
| Hepatic Portal Circulation |
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Definition
| nutrients and oxygen to liver. direct delivery. 1st cap in GI tract -> liver ->portal vein -> 2nd cap in liver -> hepatic vein -> inferior vena cava |
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Term
| Hypophyseal Portal Circulation |
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Definition
| 1st cap -> hypo portal vein -> 2nd cap -> pituitary vein -> superior vena cava. delivers releasing hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| pumping into arteries, highest |
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Term
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Definition
| pumping out of arteries, lowest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MAP estimate in resting condition |
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Definition
| DP + 1/3PP = MAP ~93 mmHG |
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Term
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Definition
| DP + 1/2 PP = MAP. ~ 100mmHG |
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Term
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Definition
| length of tube X fluid viscosity/ radius of tube^4 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood Flow through Organs (BFo) |
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Definition
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Term
| Control of MAP: Baroreceptors |
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Definition
| Carotid and Aortic Baroreceptors, hypothalamus & medulla, Increase sympathetic, Heart muscle( HR&SV), Arterioles (Contrict-TPR, Veins (Contrict- VR EDV SV), Increase MAP |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidney Barorecptors, Kidneys, Increase Renin- Angiotensin and Aldosterone, Arterioles (Constrict- TPR), Kidneys (NA+ and H2O retention, VR EDV SV), Increase MAP |
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Term
| Control of MAP: Hypothalamic |
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Definition
| Hypothalamic Baroreceptors, Hypothalamus, Increase ADH (vasopressin), Arterioles (constrict- TPR), Kidneys (H2O retention- VR, RDV, SV), Increase MAP |
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Term
| Control of MAP: Capillary |
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Definition
| Effects Capillaries, Water shifts into them, Increase VR EDV SR, Increase MAP |
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Term
| Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone |
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Definition
| Liver releases angiotensinogen, Decrease MAP, Kidneys release renin, activates angiotensin, Increase TPR and Adrenals release aldosterone, Kidneys salt water retention, Increase SV |
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Term
| Increases of blood flow in exercise |
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Definition
| heart, skeletal muscle, skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Filtration - absorption. positive is out, negative is in |
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Term
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Definition
| out, hydrostatic pressure in capillaries (35) - hydrostatic pressure in intersititum (usually 0) |
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Term
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Definition
| in, colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries (28) - colloid osmotic pressure in intersisitium (3) |
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Term
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Definition
| formation by net filtration from blood. returned to venous circulation. Water, crystalloids, proteins, fats, WBC. (NO RBC) |
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Term
| Functions of respiratory system |
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Definition
| exchange of gases, regulation of pH, defenses, emotion and expression |
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Term
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Definition
| gas exchange. Type 1: squamous epithelia, Type 2: surfactant producing, alveolar macrophages (WBC, defenses) |
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Term
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Definition
| diaphragm for resting, external intercostals aid deep breaths |
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Term
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Definition
| passive when resting, internal intercostals and ab muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure in alv - pressure in atm/ resistance |
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Term
| Pressure in alveolar during inspiration and expiration |
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Definition
| less than 0 air in, end of inspiration no air flow- lungs = pressure in atm, elastic recoil pressure greater than 0, pressure same as atm at end of expiration- no air flow |
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Term
| Contraction Control in Bronchiole Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
| Neuro -> ANS -> Para. -> Cholinergic receptors -> contraction -> constriction. Local -> decrease CO2 -> Contraction -> constriction |
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Term
| Dilation Control in Brochiole Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
| Neuro -> ANS -> epi -> Beta 2 receptors -> Relaxation -> Dilation. Local -> Increase CO2 -> Relaxation -> Dilation |
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Term
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Definition
| overcomes surface tension to increase compliance and decrease work of breathing. Type 2 cells produce phospholipid, sits in between water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| 3000 ml. additional air that can be inhaled. |
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Term
| Expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| 1 liter. additional air you can exhale after normal exhalation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 liter. amount of air left in lungs after maximal exhalation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity |
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Definition
| 2 liters. residual + expiratory residual |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 liters. everything minus out. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Minute Respiratory Volume |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| space with no gas exchange. 150 ml. |
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Term
| Calculation of alveolar ventilation |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflex Control of Ventilation |
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Definition
| increase in CO2 and H in CSF and carotid &aortic bodies -> vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves -> medullary respiratory neurons, forced expiration, autorhythmic (pons) -> phrenic and intercostal nerves -> diaphragm and intercostal muscles -> increase ventilation |
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Term
| Brain Stem Control of Ventilation (Pons) |
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Definition
| direct for H=, pneumotaxic center, inhibits inspiratory, shorten inspiration, smooths ventilation |
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Term
| Voluntary Control of Ventilation |
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Definition
| speech, swallowing, coughing, crying, ect., cerebral cortex, varies with activity |
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Term
| Time for RBS equilibrium to occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchial Smooth Muscle Prediction |
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Definition
| increased Co2 = dilation. decreased CO2 = constriction |
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Term
| Pulmonary arterial Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
| MATCH BLOOD FLOW TO AIR FLOW. Increased CO2 = constriction, decreased CO2 = dilation |
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Term
| Systemic arterial Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
| Deliver blood flow to areas of high metabolic use. Increased CO2 = dilation. Decreased CO2 = constriction |
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Term
| Partial Pressure of Oxygen |
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Definition
| PP= atm pressure X % of gas. can change where you are at (lower is more pressure) or amount of oxygen (usually 20%) |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases MAP and filtration and net absorption. prevents pulmonary edema which slows diffusion. |
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Term
| Binding of Oxygen to Hemoglobin |
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Definition
| Hb+O2 -> Hb02. (replaces in lungs) HbO2 -> Hb +02 (uses in tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| determines direction of reaction |
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Term
| Partial Pressure of O3 on Hb Saturation Curve |
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Definition
| 100 mm/hg in lungs, completely saturated. 20 mm/hg in tissue. about 25% delivered, 75% reserved on hb. |
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Term
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Definition
| CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 (carbonic anhydrase in tissue) revered in lungs. H+ + HCO3 in tissue, reversed in lungs. |
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Term
| Functions of Urinary System |
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Definition
| control of fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance, excretion of wastes, endocrine (erythropoietin, renin, vit d) |
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Term
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Definition
| renal cortex (outer), renal medulla (into tubes), major and minor calyces (collecting areas), renal pelvis (drains into picket then to ureter) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular Component of urine formation |
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Definition
| afferent arterioles (into capillaries), glomerulus (filtered), efferent arteriole (going out), peritubular capillaries (wrapping around tubule) |
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Term
| Tubule Component of urine creation |
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Definition
| Om cortex of medulla. Glomerular capsule (filters into), proximal convoluted tubule (twisting), loop of henle (countercurrent), distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct (collect nephrons) |
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular Apparatus |
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Definition
| secretes renin, nothing to do with urine |
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Term
| Calculation of Glomular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
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Definition
| amount filtered = amount excreted. Volume(u) X (C)u/ (C)p |
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Term
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Definition
| Active transport (Na and Ca), Cotransport (K, gl, aa, ua), Osmosis (H2O), Facilitated Diffusion (Cl, SO4, PO4), Simple Diffusion (urea) |
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Term
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Definition
| reabsorbs Na+ and secretes K and H. one cation for one cation. |
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Term
| Simple Diffusion secretion in urine |
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Definition
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