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| Anatomy is the study of... |
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| structure and organization of the body |
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| the study of the functions of the body and its parts |
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| Chemical level of the body includes... |
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| molecules, macromolecules, atoms and organelles |
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| basic structural and functional units of the body |
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| contains similar cells that perform similar functions |
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| composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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| organs arranged in a functional group to perform specific instructions |
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example: skin
function: to protect |
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example: bones and joints
function: support and movement |
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Example:muscle
Function:movement, posture and temperature |
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example: brain, spinal cord
function: communication, control |
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example: ductless glands, pituitary adrenals
function: regulation, longer term control |
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example: heart, vessels
function: trasportation and temp regulation |
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example: nodes, vessels, thymus, spleen
function: fluid transport |
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example: nose, trachea and lungs
function: gas exchange, acid base balance |
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example: mouth, stomach, liver
function: breakdown food, nutrient absorption, solid waste removal |
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example: kidney's, bladder
function: waste removal, water balance, acid base balance |
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example: ovaries, uterine tubes, vagina
function: produce hormones, produce babies |
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| toward the back of the body |
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| toward the midline of the body |
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| away from the midline of the body |
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| pertaining to the outer boundary of the body cavities |
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| pertaining to the internal organs |
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| away from the body surface |
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| part of an extremity that is nearest to the point of attatchment |
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| part of an extremity that is farther from the point of attatchment of the extremity to the trunk |
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| at or near the center of the body or organ |
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| external to or away from the center of the body or organ |
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| transverse (horizontal) plane |
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| divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
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| divides the body into right and left portions |
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| midsaggital or medial plane |
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| divides the body into equal left and right portions |
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| divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
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*cranial cavity
houses the brain
*vertebral canal
contains spinal cord |
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*thoracic cavity
protected by rib cage, contains heart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity
contains stomach, intestines, liver |
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| chemical reactions collectively known as life |
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| Five basic needs for human life |
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| Food, Water, Oxygen, Body Temp, Atmospheric pressure |
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| the maintenance of a relatively stable internal enviroment by self regulating physiological processes |
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| regulates body temperature |
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| Basic structure of an atom |
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| Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons |
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| expresses the chemical composition of a molecule |
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| an attraction between positive and negative ions (donates or receives electrons) |
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| formed when atoms share electrons |
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contains C and H
larger than inorganic
Ex: carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
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generally contains no C
smaller then organic
Ex: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide |
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| electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in the water |
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| substances that can combine with hydrogen ions |
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-concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
-used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
-7 is neutral |
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| speed up the bodies chemical reactions |
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temporarily stores energy extracted from nutrients by cells
-provides immediate energy to keep cellular process going |
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| forms the outer boundary of a cell |
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| tiny organs that perform a specific rold in the cell |
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| tiny granules of RNA and site of protein synthesis |
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| serves as a site of chemical reactions, channels for material transport within the cell |
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| sorts and packages substances in vesicles for export from the cell or for use within |
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| contain a folded membrane within a smaller exterior membrane |
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| small vesicles containing strong digestive enzymes |
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| movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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replication of parent call so that the two new daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
*Enables growth and repair |
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| produces new cells for growth of the new individual and the replacement of worn or damaged cells |
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| the replicated chromosomes coil, and end up shortening and becoming rod shaped |
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| the replicated chromosomes line up at the spindle |
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| seperation of the centromeres results in the seperation of the paired chromatids. then migrate toward the opposite end of the spindle |
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| the new daughter nuclei are completely formed |
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| single layer of fate, cube or column like cells |
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| simple squamous epithelium |
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aids in osmosis, diffusion, and filtration
*found in kidneys, lungs |
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| simple cuboidal epithelial |
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| single layer of cube like cells, aids in absorption and secretion |
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| simple columnar epithelium |
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| single layer of column like cells |
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| move the body (voluntary) |
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| found only in the walls of the heart (involuntary) |
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| occurs in the walls of hollow organs (involuntary) |
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*unable to divide, regeneration is not possible
*moves the body around and moves heat |
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Hyper- greater concentration
Hypo- lesser concentration
of solutes than the solution with which it is compared |
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| Diaphragm divides _______________ |
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| Bodies lowest level of organization |
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| carries the coded information to the sitesof protein synthesis |
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| short hair-like projections that move things across the surface of the cell |
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